Question

The Case diabetes mellitus type 1, with a Leg injury.

1. A gentleman who goes to the doctor with reddened, hot, skin, swelling and itching on his leg. He said that his leg was scratched on a piece of wire. He is having chills and a fever of 102*Fahrenheit. His medical history is diabetes mellitus type 1. Now his leg has Pus running from the scratched area from the wire cut.

a. Please discuss what his body’s first line of defense against this infection is, and how the defense is breached?

b. Please discuss the signs and symptoms that a present with an infection that is exhibited in this case.

c. Please discuss the presence of Pus, why does the man have Pus in the infected area?

d. Is there any way that this infection could have been prevented or minimized? if so how could it be prevented or minimized?

e. The man's medical history is diabetes type 1, does this complicate his current condition in any way?

f. Do you know of any other factors that may complicate the man's condition?

Answer 1

Ans :-a) The first line of defense means anything that will protect you for the first when you are attacked by something

For example our skin, mucus ,tears ,intestinal bacterias urine flow and obviously our WBCs (mainly neutrophils) they protect us when any type of bacterias tries to enter in our body via any route

Skin is the largest organ of our body and it also comes under our defense mechanism whenever it got damaged due to any reason bacterias got a chance to enter in our body and In this case same thing happened to that person got scratched on a piece of wire that wire damaged that person skin and the bacterias got a great chance to enter into his body

Ans:-b) this men presented sign and symptoms like red, hot skin, swelling and itching in his leg all these are the symptoms of infection we can discuss them one by one

when ever a cell dies phospholipids are released then phospholipase will act on it and convert it to aracdonic acid and then it will enter to lox and Cox cycle as lipooxygenase and cyclooxygenase will act on it and in lipooxygenase will lead to the formation of leuckotrines (potent inflammatory agents) and cyclooxygenase will leads to formation of thromboxane ,prostaglandin

prostacyclins and prostacyclins leads to increase In the temperature

Prostaglandin leads to vasodilation that will lead to redness and swelling that will leads to stretching of skin and that will leads to itching in that part

Ans :-c) Pus is nothing bus a group of dead tissues, white blood cells and the bacterias as we have already discussed earlier that WBCs comes under our defense mechanism so as the bacterias enter in our body WBCs act as souldiers of our body they fastly reach to that site and start fighting with them if a person has a strong immunity then WBCs win and if lower immunity then bacterias will win and In this case bacterias will win because that person is having a lower immunity and he also hadn't taken any first aid treatment to kill those bacterias.

Ans :-d) Yes,Rather then ignoring if that person would have taken proper treatment for this scratch (proper washing with an antibacterial soap or solution ,antibiotics treatment and dressing of that wound )then he could have prevented that infection very easily .

Ans:-e) as mentioned in the question that person was having a history of diabetes mellitus type one that made his immunity very weak so that was a plus point for bacterias for growth that's why wound healing is very late in such person because that person's blood will definitely have a high blood sugar level that will help them to grow so why these bacterias will leave such a place where they are getting free food to grow without any hard work.

Ans:-f) other than his diabetes his ignorance has also lead Him to this stage of infection otherwise If he would have taken proper first aid treatment the situation would have completely been different