Question

What are some vulnerable groups and why must psychologists pay particular attention to their inclusion in research studies? How might we still work with vulnerable groups as participants without violating Belmont principles of respect, justice and beneficence?

Describe the four types of hidden population recruitment techniques and give an example of a research question that might make use of each one.

efine experimenter bias, demand characteristics, and reactivity, and explain how these artifacts can threaten both internal and external validity. Explain the difference between selection bias and assignment bias and indicate which type of validity is threatened by each.

Answer 1

In the modern world, vulnerable groups are those populations who are economically disadvantaged and they are homeless and suffer from many diseases on large scale. It has been observed that the psychologist may attention inclusion in the research study because this subject domain has utmost importance in the modern era. There are many vulnerable groups who are suffering from high complexities due to poor livelihood and suffer from many diseases. It is important to work with these groups whisk doing research with the help of Belmont principles which are based on justice, respect, and beneficence. It has been observing that the principle of beneficence states that the individual should become protective and support the other human being from harm. In this era, we must respect people and people should not lack autonomy while protecting someone from a dilemma. In addition, it is important to intake justice principle while researching as it indicates fair treatment and distributes the risk equally to each and every one. It prohibits the exploitation of vulnerable human beings.

The four types of hidden population recruitment techniques are simple random sampling, stratified sampling along with cluster sampling and systematic sampling. In simple random sampling g each member is provided an equal chance of being selected and systematic sampling the participant is chosen after regular intervals. Stratified sampling refers to a participant who is selected based on their mixed characteristics and in the cluster sampling process, participants are subgrouped into many parts.

Experimenter bias is defined as a research bias that usually affects the data or research due to the impact of the subjective process. On the other hand, demand characteristics define as the outcome of research which is biased due to the implicit demands of participants. Reactivity in psychology is the alternation of behavior after getting awareness about something. Selection bias is defined as the process of selecting a group of data for research and experiment in an improper random manner. Whereas assignment bias takes place when every participant has different characteristics.