Immunology Case Steve, a 25-year old man, presented to his physician with symptoms pf weight loss....

Immunology Case Steve, a 25-year old man, presented to his physician with symptoms pf weight loss. Painful joints, malaise, low-grade fever, a skin rash, and swollen glands that were not painful.

Serology results

Rapid plasma regain: Positive

Questions

1.What disease/infection does the abnormal result indicate?

2. What is the causative organism? Briefly describe this organism.

3.List three other closely related species or subspecies and the associated disease.

4.List and briefly discuss (include time frame and symptoms) the four stages of this disease. At what stage would she be classified?

5.What antibody is detected by the RPR? Is it specific for this disease?

6.List five conditions that are associated with biological false-positive RPRs.

7. What would the physician do next to confirm this diagnosis? Is one RPR sufficient?

8.List and briefly describe 3 confirmatory tests for this disease. What do these tests detect?

9.What test is routinely used to test spinal fluid for this condition? What does this test detect?

10. Which stage of this disease can be missed by the RPR?

11.What is the treatment of choice for this condition?

Expert Solution

Syphilis
Treponema pallidum. It is a sprial bacterium which is highly coiled surrounded with flagella and belongs to Spirochaetae which are visible under dark field microscopy . It is a gram negative specie and is difficult to culture in an artificial culture media.
*Treponema pallidum ; sub specie : pertenue causing Yaws. * Treponema pallidum ; sub specie: endemicum causing Bejel. * Treponema carateum causing Pinta
This disease usually have 4 stages namely; Primary, Secondary, Latent and Teritary. * Primary stage(incubation period-3-6 week) is usually presented with painless chancre. * Secondary stage(4-10 weeks after primary lesion) presented with rashes, fever, myalgia, malaise, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, sore throat, alopecia. * Latent phase (genrally1- 2 years after initial infection) usually most of the symptoms gets resolved but lesions can still occur. * Teritary stage.(3-15 yrs) It is generally found rare but in case of occurence chances of oragan involvement is high and affects CVS and CNS. it can further be divided into three categories ; - Gummatous Syphilis (granulomatous lesions found which is known as gumma) - Cardiovascular Syphilis - Neurosyphilis This patient is in secondary stage of disease

Nightingale answered 2 years ago

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