A 50 year-old male patient presented to his physician with a resting blood pressure of 160/100....

A 50 year-old male patient presented to his physician with a resting blood pressure of 160/100. He had no other medical concerns. He was prescribed Losartan, 50mg per day. This medication is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist. Discuss how a drop in renal blood flow will result in the formation of angiotensin II, and why Losartan will prevent a blood pressure increase.

Solutions

Expert Solution

Angiotensinll is an octapeptide ac as a vasoconstrictor. It is formed from angiotensin l within the RAS reaction catalyzed by an angiotensin converting enzyme.Angiotensin l is made from angiotensinogen which is made in liver. Renin is converted angiotensinogen ro angiotensin l. It has three important function are the following :

Autoregulation of GFR
Reduction of salt excretion through direct and indirect actions on renal tubular cells
Growth modulation of renal cells

Cardiologic dysfunction impaired forward flow lead to decreased in renal blood flow. It activated the renin angiotensin aldosteron system also known as RAAS. Renin is secreted by juxtaglomerular cells in response to decreased renal arterial pressure, increased renal sympathetic activation from beta1 adrenergic receptors or decreased sodium delivery to macula densa cells. Renin converted angiotensinogen to angiotensin l and then it converted to angiotensin ll. Angiotensin ll formed from angiotensin l by angiotensin converting enzyme, stimulate the adrenal cortex to synthesis and secret aldosterone which decrease the excretion of sodium and increase the excretion of potassium.

Losartan is a non peptide angiotensin ll receptor antagonist. It completely block the binding of angiotensin ll to angiotensin l receptor. So it promote vasodialation and decrease the effect of aldosteron.

Nightingale answered 1 year ago

Next > < Previous

Related Solutions

Case Scenario: JQ, a 58-year-old patient, has been recently diagnosed with hypertension. His resting blood pressure...

Case Scenario: JQ, a 58-year-old patient, has been recently diagnosed with hypertension. His resting blood pressure is 158/92. He is prescribed hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg/day and told to eat foods rich in potassium. After 1 month on hydrochlorothiazide therapy,JQbecomes weak and complains of nausea and vomiting. His muscles are “soft.” His serum potassium level is 3.3 mEq/L. Questions: Why is it necessary for JQ to eat foods rich in potassium when taking hydrochlorothiazide? Explain your answer. Should JQ receive a potassium...

Mr. B, a 70-year-old male client, presented to his primary care physician with complaints of blurred...

Mr. B, a 70-year-old male client, presented to his primary care physician with complaints of blurred vision and headaches over the last two months. On several visits, Mr. B's blood pressure was found to be elevated, so the physician started him on hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg by mouth daily. One month later, Mr. B began to have chest pains and shortness of breath, so his primary care provider referred Mr. B to a cardiologist for further evaluation. The cardiologist ordered an...

A 33-year-old male patient visits his primary care physician complaining of right buttock and right leg...

A 33-year-old male patient visits his primary care physician complaining of right buttock and right leg pain with no known injury. He is employed as a long-haul truck driver and is healthy. Upon examination by a neurosurgeon, the patient exhibits normal range of motion except when raising his right leg that causes sharp pain. The surgeon orders an MRI that shows an L4-L5 herniated disc. The patient is scheduled for a lumbar discectomy. 1. Discuss the differences between a laminectomy...

A 68-year-old male patient is having a yearly checkup. It is flu season and the physician...

A 68-year-old male patient is having a yearly checkup. It is flu season and the physician recommends that the patient receive a flu shot. When the physician leaves the room, the patient tells the nurse that he doesn’t want to get the shot because he has heard it will give him the flu. How should the nurse respond? Please answer this question using no less than 250 words.

A 50 year old male is seen in his physician’s office for a routine checkup. His...

A 50 year old male is seen in his physician’s office for a routine checkup. His spleen shows enlargement and his blood work shows hemolytic anemia with bilirubinemia. His wife states the patient has been “off” lately for no apparent reason. He tends to have muscle pulsations in the afternoon to late evening that do not stop until he goes to sleep. Additional blood work is ordered along with a type and screen. His haptoglobin levels are decreased, and his...

Liam is a 17-year-old male who is being seen by his family physician for his annual...

Liam is a 17-year-old male who is being seen by his family physician for his annual physical examination. Liam’s sexual maturation rating is estimated to be 3. He weighs 114 lbs and stands 5’6” tall. When he was 16 y.o., his height was 5’5” and weight was 106 lbs. At 15 y.o., Liam was 5’3” tall and weighed 98lbs. During the visit, Liam reports that he has been experimenting with a vegan diet since his visit last year. He explains...

A 10-year-old boy presented to a new pulmonary physician for evaluation. His mother stated that his...

A 10-year-old boy presented to a new pulmonary physician for evaluation. His mother stated that his primary condition was asthma. He had developed respiratory symptoms at 2 months of age, had been seen by many specialists, and had been on multiple medications since that time. The pregnancy was uneventful. When he was 2 months old, he developed a recurrent cough. He was started on albuterol and then, at 6 years of age, switched to levalbuterol hydrochloride. At various times he...

A 68-year-old male is complaining of substernal chest pressure. The pressure is radiating to his left...

A 68-year-old male is complaining of substernal chest pressure. The pressure is radiating to his left shoulder. This patient has no history of heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, or stroke. His father died from a heart attack at the age of 62. This patient is moderately anxious. He is not obese, and his vital signs are within normal limits except for a blood pressure of 90/48 What do you think this patient is experiencing? Why?

A. The patient is a 23-year-old male who works as a baker's assistant. He presented to...

A. The patient is a 23-year-old male who works as a baker's assistant. He presented to the local emergency room with low-grade fever, malaise, and headache. He was sent home with a diagnosis of influenza. He presented 7 days later with a 1-day history of worsened headache, photophobia, and stiff neck. On physical examination he appeared to be in mild distress with a temperature of 102.2 oF. He had mild nuchal rigidity and a maculopapular rash on his trunk, arms,...

Mr. Schmidt is a 56 year old male patient who presented to the emergency department with...

Mr. Schmidt is a 56 year old male patient who presented to the emergency department with complaints of left foot pain and swelling, fever and chills for 2-3 days. The client reported increasing discomfort to the foot with noticeable redness that also seems to be worsening. He has an ulcer to the dorsum of the left foot. The client noted that he was seen by his family physician a week ago and a swab was done on the ulcer which...

Subjects