Question

You have just been hired as a financial analyst for Lydex Company, a manufacturer of safety helmets. Your boss has asked you to perform a comprehensive analysis of the company’s financial statements, including comparing Lydex’s performance to its major competitors. The company’s financial statements for the last two years are as follows:

Lydex Company Comparative Balance Sheet
	This Year		Last Year
Assets
Current assets:
Cash	$	940,000	$	1,200,000
Marketable securities		0		300,000
Accounts receivable, net		2,620,000		1,720,000
Inventory		3,580,000		2,300,000
Prepaid expenses		250,000		190,000
Total current assets		7,390,000		5,710,000
Plant and equipment, net		9,480,000		9,030,000
Total assets	$	16,870,000	$	14,740,000
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Liabilities:
Current liabilities	$	3,880,000	$	2,940,000
Note payable, 10%		3,660,000		3,060,000
Total liabilities		7,540,000		6,000,000
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, $75 par value		7,500,000		7,500,000
Retained earnings		1,830,000		1,240,000
Total stockholders' equity		9,330,000		8,740,000
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	16,870,000	$	14,740,000

Lydex Company Comparative Income Statement and Reconciliation
	This Year		Last Year
Sales (all on account)	$	15,840,000	$	13,380,000
Cost of goods sold		12,672,000		10,035,000
Gross margin		3,168,000		3,345,000
Selling and administrative expenses		1,473,429		1,596,000
Net operating income		1,694,571		1,749,000
Interest expense		366,000		306,000
Net income before taxes		1,328,571		1,443,000
Income taxes (30%)		398,571		432,900
Net income		930,000		1,010,100
Common dividends		340,000		505,050
Net income retained		590,000		505,050
Beginning retained earnings		1,240,000		734,950
Ending retained earnings	$	1,830,000	$	1,240,000

To begin your assignment you gather the following financial data and ratios that are typical of companies in Lydex Company’s industry:

Current ratio	2.4
Acid-test ratio	1.2
Average collection period	40	days
Average sale period	60	days
Return on assets	9.1	%
Debt-to-equity ratio	0.69
Times interest earned ratio	5.7
Price-earnings ratio	10

Required:

1. Present the balance sheet in common-size format.

2. Present the income statement in common-size format down through net income.

Answer 1

Lydex Company
Common Size Balance Sheet
	This Year	Percent	Caluclation	Last Year	Percent	Calculation
Assets
Cash	$               9,40,000.00	6%	($940000/$16870000)	$                            12,00,000.00	8%	($1200000/$14740000)
Marketable Securities	$                                  -	0%		$                              3,00,000.00	2%	($300000/$14740000)
Accounts Receivable	$             26,20,000.00	16%	($2620000/$16870000)	$                            17,20,000.00	12%	($1720000/$14740000)
Inventories	$             35,80,000.00	21%	($3580000/$16870000)	$                            23,00,000.00	16%	($2300000/$14740000)
Prepaid expenses	$               2,50,000.00	1%	($250000/$16870000)	$                              1,90,000.00	1%	($190000/$14740000)
Total Current Assets=(A)	$             73,90,000.00	44%	($7390000/$16870000)	$                            57,10,000.00	39%	($5710000/$14740000)
Net Property,Plant & Equipment=(B)	$             94,80,000.00	56%	($9480000/$16870000)	$                            90,30,000.00	61%	($9030000/$14740000)
Total Assets=(A)+(B)	$         1,68,70,000.00	100%	($16870000/$16870000)	$                        1,47,40,000.00	100%	($14740000/$14740000)
Liabilities & Stockholder's Equity
Current Liabilities	$             38,80,000.00	23%	($3880000/$16870000)	$                            29,40,000.00	20%	($2940000/$14740000)
Notes Payable 10%	$             36,60,000.00	22%	($3660000/$16870000)	$                            30,60,000.00	21%	($3060000/$14740000)
Total Liabilities=(C )	$             75,40,000.00	45%	($7540000/$16870000)	$                            60,00,000.00	41%	($6000000/$14740000)
Stockholder's Equity
Common Stock	$             75,00,000.00	44%	($7500000/$16870000)	$                            75,00,000.00	51%	($7500000/$14740000)
Retained Earnings	$             18,30,000.00	11%	($1830000/$16870000)	$                            12,40,000.00	8%	($1240000/$14740000)
Total Stockholder's Equity=(D)	$             93,30,000.00	55%	($9330000/$16870000)	$                            87,40,000.00	59%	($8740000/$14740000)
Total Liabilities & Stockholder's Equity=(C)+(D)	$         1,68,70,000.00	100%	($16870000/$16870000)	$                        1,47,40,000.00	100%	($14740000/$14740000)
Lydex Company
Common Size Income Statement
	This Year	Percent		Working	Last Year			Working
Sales	$         1,58,40,000.00	100.00	%	($15840000/$15840000)*100	$ 1,33,80,000.00	100.00	%	($13380000/$13380000)*100
Cost of goods sold	$         1,26,72,000.00	80.00	%	($12672000/$15840000)*100	$ 1,00,35,000.00	75.00	%	($10035000/$13380000)*100
Gross Margin	$             31,68,000.00	20.00	%	($3168000/$15840000)*100	$     33,45,000.00	25.00	%	($3345000/$13380000)*100
Selling & Administrative Expenses	$             14,73,429.00	9.30	%	($1473429/$15840000)*100	$     15,96,000.00	11.93	%	($1596000/$13380000)*100
Net operating income	$             16,94,571.00	0.11	%	($1694571/$15840000)*100	$     17,49,000.00	0.13	%	($1749000/$13380000)*100
Interest Expense	$               3,66,000.00	0.02	%	($366000/$15840000)*100	$        3,06,000.00	0.02	%	($306000/$13380000)*100
Income Before Taxes	$             13,28,571.00	8.39	%	($1328571/$15840000)*100	$     14,43,000.00	10.78	%	($1443000/$13380000)*100
Income Tax Expense	$               3,98,571.00	0.03	%	($398571/$15840000)*100	$        4,32,900.00	0.03	%	($432900/$13380000)*100
Net Income	$               9,30,000.00	5.87	%	($930000/$15840000)*100	$     10,10,100.00	7.55	%	($1010100/$13380000)*100
Common Size Statement: It is also known as vertical statement.
In the case of common siz balance sheet,each individual item of balance sheet divided with Total Assets,and in the case of income statement each individual item of income statement divided by Sales.