17. An infection with a rhinovirus might result in:

A. common cold

B. genital warts

C. cold sores

D. mumps

E. vomiting

18. An example of a disease caused by a retrovirus is:

A. mumps

B. influenza

C. syphilis

D. AIDS

E. chickenpox

19. Naturally acquired active immunity would be most likely acquired through which of the following processes?
A. vaccination

B. drinking colostrum
C. natural birth

D. infection with disease causing organism followed by recovery.

20. Which of the following convey the longest lasting immunity to an infectious agent?
A. Naturally acquired passive immunity
B. Artificially acquired passive immunity
C. Naturally acquired active immunity
D. All of these
E. None of these

Expert Solution

17.A. An infection with a rhinovirus result in common cold. Rhinoviruse route of entry is nose and mouth(upper respiratory tract) in human. It infect the respiratory epithelial cells through the receptors CD54 and CDHR3 and take cellular entry. For growth of rhinivirus required 32o C temperature lower to human body. 32o C temperature is maintain by upper respiratory tract by respiration and virus replicate and spread. Infected epithelial cells secretes inflammatory cytokines activate the cytotoxic immune response and lysed and killed infected the cells and virus release and infect the surrounding cells. Virus grow in upper respiratory tract because favourable temperature(32oC) of viral growth is maintain by continuous airflow in respiratory tract and causes common cold.

18. D. Disease caused by a retrovirus is AIDS :Retroviruse is a RNA virus. AIDS is deadly disease caused by HIV -1 and HIV-2 retrovirus. IN human, HIV virus infect the CD4+ T cells. Transport the RNA genome into the host cells and replicate the RNA into the DNA by its own reverse transcriptase enzyme.Viral DNA integrated into the host genome by enzyme integrase and using the host cells machinary, viral DNA transcibe and translate the viral protein and produce virus particles in host cell. These virus particle release from host cells by cell lysis and infect the other cells. HIV infection decrease the CD4 T cell in blood and it decreases the host immune response against the other diseases.It develops the aquired immune deficeincy syndrome due to which human are prone to other infection.

19. D.Naturally acquired active immunity would be most likely acquired through the infection with disease causing organism followed by recovery. Natural acquired active immunity develop by organism generates antibody against the infected organism or antigens and also activate the lymphocytes mediated immune response to kill the pathogen.
20. C.Naturally acquired active immunity and artificially acquired active immunity (Vaccine) convey the longest lasting immunity to an infectious agent because it activates the T cell and B cell immune response against the pathogen and specific antigen and both immune response produced the long lasting memory cells. Immunulogical Memory cells of T and B lymphocytes shows robust and rapid immune activation after reencounter of same pathogen. Natural and artificial active immune system produced the recall response.

gladiator answered 2 years ago

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