Question

4)“Bottom-up” vs. “Top-down” Perceptual Processing

a). Bottom-up processing – define/ explain what it is.

b)Top-down processing - define/ explain what it is. You can use this example: Ca_yo_re_dt_is_en_en_e?

C). In perception, bottom-up and top-down processing are believed to occur simultaneously. Explain what that means.

Answer 1

• Generally speaking, there are two approaches to understanding the process of perception. These are the top-down processing and the bottom-up processing.
• Top-down processing is defined as the development of pattern recognition through the use of contextual information. For instance, you are presented with a paragraph written with difficult handwriting.
• It is easier to understand what the writer wants to convey if you read the whole paragraph rather than reading the words in separate terms. The brain may be able to perceive and understand the gist of the paragraph due to the context supplied by the surrounding words.
• Top-Down Processing is also known as "large chunk" processing and states that we form perceptions (or focus our attention) by starting with the larger concept or idea (it can even be the concept or idea of an object) and then working our way down to the finer details of that concept or idea.
• If you're the type of person who learns new ideas and concepts (or forms impressions) by starting first with the high-level aspects and then working your way down to the fine details, then you're a top-down processor.
• In the bottom-up processing approach, perception starts at the sensory input, the stimulus. Thus, perception can be described as data-driven.
• For example, there is a flower at the center of a person's field. The sight of the flower and all the information about the stimulus are carried from the retina to the visual cortex in the brain. The signal travels in one direction.
• Bottom-up processing is also known as "small chunk" processing and suggests that we attend to or perceive elements by starting with the smaller, more fine details of that element and then building upward until we have a solid representation of it in our minds.
• If you're the type of person who understands concepts and ideas by starting with the details and then working your way up to the main idea of overall concept, then you're a bottom-up processor.
• Due to time limit,remaining can be asked as another question,they will be answered,thankyou for your cooperation