Question

25. Top-­‐down processing is to ______, as bottom-­‐up processing is to ______.

a. inductive reasoning; deductive reasoning

b. pattern recognition; expectations and motivations

c. perceptual set; perceptual category

d. perceptual category; perceptual set

26. List steps for sensation, in order as they occur:

a. accessory structure modifies stimulus, coding from sensory nerve to CNS, transduction of stimulus energy to neural information, thalamus relays response, cortex receives input

b. accessory structure modifies stimulus, thalamus relays response, coding from sensory nerve to CNS, transduction of stimulus energy to neural information, cortex receives input

c. transduction of stimulus energy to neural information, accessory structure modifies stimulus, coding from sensory nerve to CNS, thalamus relays response, cortex receives input

d. accessory structure modifies stimulus, transduction of stimulus energy to neural information, coding from sensory nerve to CNS, thalamus relays response, cortex receives input

Answer 1

Top down processing is when our sensory receptors are stimulated and we use our prior knowledge to see a larger picture and then eventually come down to the details. For instance, when you see a penguin, you immediately categorise it as a bird because it has a lot of features in common to a bird which includes, wings, feathers and laying eggs. However, you get down to finer details and recognise it as a mammal instead. Top down processing is to pattern recognition.

Bottom up processing is when you see a person walking towards you, and he seems very familiar, like an acquaintance or a friend. However, the information received by the sensory receptor is not enough to place this person. You just choose to say 'hi' to him because he seems very familiar to you, but it happens to be some body else instead. Bottom up processing is when the stimulus is presented short and clarity is uncertain that gives a vague stimulus. Bottom up processing is to expectations and motivations.

Thus, the correct answer is option B.

The list of steps for sensation, in order as they occur are as follows:

• Transduction of stimulus energy to neural information
• Accessory structure modifies stimulus
• Coding from sensory nerve to CNS
• Thalamus relays response
• Finally cortex receives input

Thus, the correct answer is option C.