Question

The Potassium Channel is a protein that lives in the plasma membrane in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Describe the path that the Potassium Channel takes to end up in the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells and the path it takes in prokaryotic cells (starting from it’s DNA sequence).

Answer 1

Answer:

a)In eukaryotes:

• The KCNQ1 gene (DNA sequence) is responsible for the production of potassium channels.
• This gene when in need is transcribed(It is a process in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA ) by RNA polymerase 2 in eukaryotes to form mRNA(messenger RNA).
• The process o transcription happens in nucleus .
• This mRNA is further transported to cytoplasm for translation (The process by which mRNA converted into proteins)to protein by translation machinery(ribosome and associated factors) in eukaryotes.
• The mRNA is decoded in the ribosome with the help of tRNA into a specific amino acid chain which further form the protein.

b)In prokaryotes:

• K⁺-channel genes (DNA sequence) is responsible for potassium channels.In prokaryotes, both transcription and translation are coupled ,translation begins while the mRNA is still being synthesized.
• Transcriptionis carried out by RNA polymerase (prokaryotes have only one RNA polymerase)and  it occurs in the cytoplasm along with translation.
• Thetranslation machinery is ribosome .
• The translation machinery is not as developed as eukaryotes.

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