Question

As a FNP, you will discover, treat and maintain many patients with chronic kidney disease. What are the categories of CKD (GFR)? Document what causes chronic kidney failure (CKF) and the guideline for diagnostics. What are the risk factors and how would you address cardiac, dietary, metabolic, and hematologic management? Also note which medications should not be used, or used with caution.

Answer 1

Category	GFR Ml/hr	Terms
G1	>90Ml	Normal
G2	60 - 89 ml	Mildly decreased
G3a	45 -59 ml	Mildly to moderately decreased
G3b	30 -44 ml	Moderately to severely decreased
G4	15-29 ml	Severly decreased

G5	<15ml	Kidney Failure

CKD is kidney failure and the above is catogeries of ckd on basis of glomerular filtration rate.

Causes of ckd-

Diseases and conditions that cause chronic kidney disease include:

• Type 1 or type 2 diabetes
• High blood pressure
• Glomerulonephritis , an inflammation of the kidney's filtering units (glomeruli)aan inflammation of the kidney's tubules and surrounding structures
• Polycystic kidney disease
• Prolonged obstruction of the urinary tract, from conditions such as enlarged prostate, kidney stones and some cancers
• Vesicoureteral reflux, a condition that causes urine to back up into your kidneys
• Recurrent kidney infection, also called pyelonephritis

Risk factors of CKD -

• Diabetes
• High blood pressure
• Heart and blood vessel (cardiovascular) disease
• Smoking
• Obesity
• Being African-American, Native American or Asian-American
• Family history of kidney disease
• Abnormal kidney structure
• Older age

Medications not To be given or used with caution are-

When using nonprescription pain relievers, such as aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) and acetaminophen (Tylenol, others), follow the instructions on the package. Taking too many pain relievers could lead to kidney damage and generally should be avoided if you have kidney disease