Question

Do All parts

You are interested in doing research on COVID-19. Provide example questions/objectives that you can research with each of the following designs. Make sure it is clear to me that you understand the type of study (give enough information; provide direction; what would be ascertained first in terms of outcomes and exposure/risk).

Designs:

Case report/case series

Cross-sectional survey

Prospective cohort

Retrospective cohort

Case-control

Randomized controlled trial

Crossover trial

Answer 1

ABSTRACT :

COVID-19 is an infectious disease, growth of which depends upon the linked stages of the epidemic,
the average number of people one person can infect and the time it takes for those people to become
infectious themselves. We have studied the COVID-19 time series to understand the growth
behaviour of COVID-19 cases series. A structural break occurs in the COVID-19 series at the change
time form one stage to another.

INTRODUCTION :

COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus that has travelled from Wuhan, China, to the most of the countries (207) within 100 days. COVID-19 is an infectious disease, growth of which depends upon the stage of the epidemic, the average number of people one person can infect and the time it takes for those people to become infectious themselves.In COVID-19 cases, a structural break might occur when most of the population and land area are affected, sudden increments in corona patients on daily basis, population not following the government guidelines or other factors. It also depends upon the administrative model which has the main goal to slow down the growth of COVID-19 cases by various measures like social distancing, lockdown etc.

METHOD :

The data has been collected from our World COVID-19 databases of daily updates of confirmed
cases. The data covers the total number of people infected with the COVID-19 virus from December
31, 2019, to April 20, 2020.

STEPS -

Step-1: Determine the number of the structural break(s) and its locations.
Step-2: Classify the countries by taking the break interval of World COVID cases.
Step-3: Fit a distribution in each break interval based on total infected days and the total number of cases.
Step-4: Display the histogram and density plot based on the results obtained from the previous steps to conclude the COVID-19 cases.

RESULTS :

We analyzes the various stages in the growth of COVID-19 cases using the structural break methodology. We considered the cumulative cases of coronavirus for each country as a data series and identified the breaking point when the structure of the series is shifted suddenly. We have examined the inference based on each break period. This break period provides the length of the duration and number of cases in various growth stages. For each break interval, we fit a distribution to explain the growth pattern of COVID-19 cases.