Question

In: Electrical Engineering

How does frequency, power band, receiver, transmitter, RSSI, sensitivity, VSWR can related to IQ modulated signals...

How does frequency, power band, receiver, transmitter, RSSI, sensitivity, VSWR can related to IQ modulated signals applying binary and target search algorithms?

Please also discuss about FPGA DDR and Banks work

What is an envelope in signal?

Solutions

Expert Solution

In wireless RF communication, The IQ modulated signal deals with the complex signals which have a real part and imaginary part. The real part relates to the Inphase component and the imaginary part relates to the quadrature component. These components have a 90-degree phase difference with each other.

The frequency and power band in communication are the frequency at which we are sending our message signal to transmit. After modulation, the signal gets shited to the higher frequency and it requires some power to propagate, it is called power band.

In the receiver side, we have RSSI(Received Signal Strength Indicator), It is an estimated measure of power level that an RF client device is receiving from an access point or router. At larger distances, the signal gets weaker and the wireless data rates get slower, leading to lower overall data throughput.

The receiver has the following properties,

1) selectivity: is a measure of the performance of a radio receiver to respond only to the radio signal it is tuned to (such as a radio station) and reject other signals nearby in frequency, such as another broadcast on an adjacent channel.

2) sensitivity:  is defined as the level of the input RF signal (in microvolts) needed to produce some particular signal-to-noise ratio at the output.

3) fidelity: of a receiver is its ability to accurately reproduce, in its output, the signal that appears at its input.

VSWR stands for voltage standing wave ratio which ranges from 1 to infinity. it is used to measure the line imperfections and efficiency of the transmission line medium. it is also related to the reflection coefficient and this is ranges from 0 to 1. For a good communication channel, the reflection coefficient has to be low and VSWR has to be high.

What is an envelope in the signal?

The envelope is a message signal which we are sending at the transmission side and it has to be detected at the receiver side with proper detection circuit. The detected signal called an envelope.

FPGA

The FPGA is Field Programmable Gate Array. It is a type of device that is widely used in electronic circuits. FPGAs are semiconductor devices that contain programmable logic blocks and interconnection circuits. It can be programmed or reprogrammed to the required functionality after manufacturing.

DDR(double data rate)

It is synchronized with the clock of the processor. The advanced version of SDRAM is DDR (Double Data Rate) SDRAM which transfers data on both rising and falling edges of the clock resulting in a double data transfer rate and this can be implemented with the field-programmable gate arrays.


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