Question

1a, Which of the following statements about the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is false?

Select one:
a. A blockage in the urine flow in the renal pelvis increases the GFR.
b. Increases renal plasma flow increases the GFR.
c. Inulin is filtered but not reabsorbed and not secreted. Its clearance rate can indicate the GFR.

d. Creatinine clearance rate (CCr) is a useful measure for approximating the GFR.

e. The GFR is a healthy person is around 125 mL/min

1b, The medullary osmotic gradient exists between:  

Select one:

a. The proximal and distal convoluted tubules

b. Successive layers of the renal medulla and the collecting duct

c. The peritubular capillaries and proximal convoluted tubule

d. The glomerulus and the Bowman’s capsule

e. The peritubular capillaries and the collecting duct

1c,

Parathyroid hormone stimulates:

Select one:

a. Urea secretion and water reabsorption.

b. Sodium secretion potassium reabsorption.

c. Phosphate secretion and calcium reabsorption.

d. Calcium reabsorption and phosphate secretion.

e. Potassium secretion and sodium reabsorption.

1d,

Which of the following statements about antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is/are correct?

I. It is a water-soluble hormone.

II. It increases the permeability of collecting duct’s cell membrane to water.

III. It increases the permeability of distal end of collecting duct’s cell membrane to urea which increases the magnitude of the medullary interstitial osmotic gradient.

Select one:

a. II only

b. I, II and III

c. II and III only

d. I only

e. I and II only

Answer 1

1a. Here, after considering the five options we can see that

a. is false since the stop inflow cannot encourage the homeostasis to exceed its limit, Kidneys must slow down and adjust the GFR. However, in the case of kidney stones, the filtration rate is too high.

b. Increases renal plasma flow increases the GFR. This statement is true.

c. The insulin clearance rate is a golden standard for GFR calculation. True.

d. Creatinine clearance rate (CCr) is a useful measure for approximating the GFR. True.

e. The GFR is a healthy person is around 125 mL/min. True as well.

1b. The medullary osmotic gradient exists between: This is in the renal interstitial fluid, this is between the renal cortex and the papillae of the renal medulla. a. The proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

1c. This hormone regulates calcium levels in the blood, it increases dietary Ca2+ absorption, and in the kidneys. It enhances the phosphate secretion and reduced absorption in the kidneys thus it is released in the urine more.

According to this option c and d looks the same. We can choose d as the answer.

1d. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH): This peptide hormone is water-soluble. It also increases the permeability of collecting duct’s cell membrane to water. This hormone also increases water and urea transport in the terminal inner medullary collecting duct. ANswer should be e.