Question

Discuss the different functions of the kidneys, and the relevance of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) test in the assessment of their normal physiology.

Read the different renal functions and non-infectious pathologies to discuss the topic

Answer 1

On the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity, two kidneys are located lateral to the vertebral column. Kidneys are the bean shaped organs that appear reddish brown in color.

Kidneys are the major organs of urinary system. The filtration of blood takes place in the kidneys through the nephrons. The major functions of kidneys are,

· Excretion of excess water, salts and metabolic wastes

· Regulating the electrolyte levels (mainly sodium)

· Regulation of blood pH (acid-base pH)

· Regulation of blood pressure by maintaining blood volume

· Secretion of hormones such as erythropoietin

The atrophy of glomeruli contribute to the shrinkage of kidneys. They become non-functional and blocked with the connective tissue. This results in decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and decreased urine formation. Reduced GFR is an indication of kidney disease, which can be a chronic or acute kidney disease. The other conditions affecting the kidney functioning, i.e. the infectious conditions of the kidneys, hypertension, and diabetes also reduce the kidney functioning and cause reduced GFR. So, measuring the GFR is helpful in diagnosing these conditions.