Question

1) normal range for glucose

2) low result for glucose means

3) high results for glucose means

4) give indications for glucose

5) give nursing intervention for glucose with high

6) give nursing intervention when glucose is low

7) give the medical management for glucose

8) give the monitor and asses for glucose

9) give the nursing intervention with rationale for glucose.

Answer 1

1) normal range for glucose

4.0 to 5.4 mmol/L (72 to 99 mg/dL) - pre prandial

Upto 7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL) - post prandial

2) low result for glucose means hypoglycemia , it is often related to diabetes treatment. Can cause brain damage if not treated

3) high results for glucose means hyperglycemia , it may be a sign of diabetes. It can cause heart disease , kidney failure , blindness and many other complications.

4) Indications for glucose :

1. it is used to treat hypoglycemia , in people with diabetes mellitus.
2. It is also used to provide carbohydrate calories to a person who cannot eat because of illness, trauma, or other medical condition , it act as a nutritional support
3. Given to treat chronic alcoholic.
4. It is used to treat hyperkalemia ( high pottassium level in blood)

5 ) nursing intervention for high glucose :

1. fluid replacement.
2. subcutaneous or IV injection of insulin
3. continuous monitoring of glucose level.

6) nursing intervention for low glucose :

1. oral or IV administration of glucose
2. IV or intramuscular injection of glucagon
3. continuous glucose monitoring.

7) medical management for glucose :

1. monitoring blood glucose levels
2. dietary management
3. maintaining physical activity
4. keeping weight and stress under control
5. monitoring oral medications
6. Insulin use via injections or pump, if required

8) monitoring blood glucose level using glucometer. It is portal blood glucose meter. It works by analyzing a small amount of blood frkm finger tip. Since blood sugar level changes , frequent testing and recording is necessary.

A patient should keep his/her preprandial glucose level 80 to 130 mg/ dL, post prandial <180. 2hr post meal values under 140mg/dL.

9) nursing intervention for glucose is for ,

In diabetic patients , treatment to normalize blood glucose level and to decrease complications using insulin replacement , balanced diet and exerscise.

Nursing intervention	Rationale
Check for signs of hyperglycemia	Excess glucose in the blood leads toincreased thirst, hunger, and increased urination. The patient may also report fatigue and blurred vision
Check blood glucose levels before meals and at bed time	Blood glucose should be between 140 to 180 mg/dL and pre-meal levels <140 mg/dL.
Monitor the patient’s HbA1c-glycosylated hemoglobin.	measure of blood glucose over the previous 2 to 3 months, that should be 6.5% to 7%.
Check for anxiety, tremors, and slurring of speech. 50% dextrose is used to treat hypoglycemia.	Signs of hypoglycemia, treatment - D50
Check feet for temperature, pulses, color, and sensation.	To determine peripheral perfusion and neuropathy
Assess the patient’s current knowledge and understanding about the prescribed diet.	Personalised diet chart is recommended, not following this can lead to hyperglycemia.
Check the pattern of physical activity.	Exerscises helps to lower blood glucose level and decreases the chances of cardiovascular complications.
Monitor for signs of hypoglycemia.	A patient with type 2 DM who uses insulin is at increased risk for hypoglycemia.The signs are the result of both increased adrenergic activity and decreased glucose delivery to the brain, therefore, the patient may experience tachycardia, diaphoresis, dizziness, headache, fatigue, and visual changes
Administer basal and prandial insulin.	Keeping glucose in the normal range slows the progression of microvascular disease.
Report BP of more than 160 mm Hg (systolic). Administer antihypertensive.	Hypertension is frequently associated with diabetes. Control of BP prevents coronary artery disease, stroke, retinopathy, and nephropathy
Monitor urine albumin to serum creatinine for renal failure.	Renal failure causes creatinine >1.5 mg/dL. Microalbuminuria is the first sign of diabetic nephropathy.