Question

summarize the the overview and impact, life stages and determinants, and latest data of substance abuse

Answer 1

Substance abuse have dramatically increased over the last few years. These substances are once taken alter our level of perception, awareness, thinking, judgement, insight, mood, behaviour and decision making.

Etiology. The main predisposing factors are. Genetic factors, personality factors, home and family, school, peer influence, community setting, culture.

5 stages of dependence

Stage 1experimentation..in phase their is a voluntary use of the substance either by compulsion of friends and peer groups. Use is infrequent.

Stage 2 Regular use. The person starts to consume substance on regular basis. It may not be necessarily daily.. It can be weekly.

Stage 3 Problem or risky phase. Here the use of substance becomes regular and causes disruption in emotional physical and social wellbeing.

Stage 4 dependance. Bodily changes starts to appear leading to distortion of normal physical activities

Stage 5.addiction.their is complete dependance on the substance and is a medical condition.

Treatment goals.

Reversal of acute effects

Detoxification

Decline of craving

Prevent relapse

Restoration of health damage

Data on substance abuse by WHO

Harmful use of alcohol results in 3.3 million death per year

On average every person in the world aged 15yrs and above drink 6.2 liters of pure alcohol per year.

31 million person have drug use disorders

11 million people inject drugs of which 1.3 million are living with HIV, 5.5 million with hepatitis c and 1 million with both HIV and hepatitis c.