Can you explain by adhering to the book? Ian Hacking - "The Timing of Chance". -...

Can you explain by adhering to the book?

Ian Hacking - "The Timing of Chance".

- What is determinism?
- What is Positivism?
- How did the probability and statistics change over time?
- What did Chance mean in the 19th century, what did it evolve in the 20th century?
- What is Law of large numbers?

By relating these explanations to each other, the verb is appropriate.

Expert Solution

meaning of determinism

Determinism is philosophical belief which means all things of the world is subject to a universal law .every event follow on the basis of causes and present consequence is based on past causation .noting will be happened without causes.

meaning of positivism :

Positivism is secientific and philosophical beleif that knowledge come from expeerince which acquired through sense or provided by logic .in positivism , knowledge can only acepted by the verification of secience and logic.positivism believes in those things which is observed by sense and rejected the concept of thesim and metaphysics.

change of probablity

A gambler dispute in 1654 , lead to the creation of mathamatical theory of probablity by two famous mathamatican Pascal and fermat. It becomes so popular in 19th century.mathamatical statiscis is one importants branch applied probablity in other field like biology, psychology , engennering are massively used.in 20th century probablity theory more used testing hypothesis with connection of statistics .it is more general discipline now known as measure theory.

Statistics change:

the term statistics ultimately derived from itilian word statista which means state .primarily statistics is used as for working demographic like population .it is primarily based on theoritical .now statistics not only used gather information or data but also used to analhsia and interpreting the collecting for generalisation and findings .today , inferential statistics massively used like chi square , z test , t test , f test for testing hypothesis.

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