Question

5. Differentiate conductive hearing loss from sensorineural loss and give an example of each

6. Explain why Ménière's syndrome causes both hearing loss and vertigo.

7. Compare the signs of chronic glaucoma, acute glaucoma, cataract, detached retina, and macular degeneration.

8. Describe the progress of a sound wave until it is identified in the brain.

9. Describe two ways in which otitis media can impair hearing permanently.

Answer 1

5) Conductive hearing loss:

A mechanical dysfunction or blockage of sound waves to the inner ear fibers because of external earor middle ear disorders. The blockage can be caused by impacted cerumen ,foregin bodies,pus or serum in the middle ear.Disorders often can be corrected with no damage to hearing or minimal permanent hearing loss.For instance,any inflammatory process pf external or internal ear,tumors,otosclerosis

Sensory hearing loss:

Sensory hearing loss is a pathological process of the inner ear or the sensory fibres that lead to cerebral cortex.Sensory hearing loss is permanent and measyres must to taken to reduce further damage.Examples are,trauma,srgery,infections,diabetes mellitus,menier's syndrome and so on

6) Meniere's syndrome is also called endolymphatic hydrops.It refers dilation of the endolymphatic system by overproduction or decresed reabsorption of endolymphatic fluid.The syndrome is characterized by tinnitus,unilateral sensorineural hearing loss and verigo.The causes are vural and bacteial infections,biochemical disturbances .Vertigo is a sensation of whrling that might cause the clientto fall on the ground and vertigo that is so intense that even while lying down the clent holds the bed or ground in attempt to prevent the whrling.

  7) Chronic glaucoma is results from obstruction to outflow of aqueous humor and is the most common type.Symptoms include painless,and vision changes are slow,tunnel vision,blurred vision,halos around the light and ocular erythema

Acute glucoma:symptoms include eyepain ,nausea and vomiting

Cataracts:it states that is an opacity of the lens.The symptoms areblurred vision,decreased color perception ,diplopia,reduced visual acuity,eye redness and so on

Detached retina:Detachment or seperation of the retina.The symptoms are flashes of light or black spots,increased in blurred vision,painless loss or central or peripheral vision

Macular degeneration:A degeneration of the macula,area of central vision.The symptoms are a decline in central vision,blurred vision and distortion.

8) .The auricle directs sound waves into the external auditory canal.When strike the eardrum the alternate compression and decompression of the air cause the eardrum to vibrate back and forth.The distance it moves always very small and intensity and frequency of sound waves .The eardrum vibrates slowly in response to low frequency sounds and rapidly in response to high frequency.High intensity sound waves cause greater viberation of the basilar membrane,which leads to a higher frequency of nerve impulses reaching the brain .More hair cells may also be stimulated by louder sounds

9) An inflammtory disorder usually caused by an infection of the middle ear occuring as a result of a blocked eustachian tube,which prevents normal drainage can be acute or chronic.and it is a common complication of an acute respiratory infection.Infants and children have eustachian tubes that areshorter ,wider and straighter which makes them more prone to otitis media.