Question

Stem cells have the potential to treat many diseases such as diabetes and Parkinson’s. These diseases are caused by the death or malfunction of particular cells.
a. What is meant by a stem cell?
For many conditions, adult stem cells are not suitable and researchers are hoping to use embryonic stem cells from a 6 day-old developing embryo after culturing them in the laboratory.
b. What is the difference between an embryonic stem cell and an adult stem cell?
c. What is the main source of embryos to provide stem cells for this research?
d. Why do the researchers choose to harvest the cells for culturing at six days and not a week later when there would be far more cells?
e. Many people are opposed to the use of embryonic stem cells on ethical grounds. Others feel there are good ethical reasons for doing this research. Outline the main arguments used on both sides (one main argument per side) and explain your own position.

Answer 1

A- Stem cell is kind of cell which can develop into many different types of cells .for example - stem cells can be used to develop new nerve cells.

B- Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent but adult stem cells are multipotent ( they can develop into only that type of cell which is their tissue of origin. So , they are limited to few types of cell development).

C- The most common source of embryonic stem cells is the embryo developed from eggs that have been fertilised in vitro - in an IVF clinic and are , then , given for medical purposes with proper consent. Other source can be existing cell lines which are developed or cultured to make new stem cells.

D- Harvesting in done in six days and not in weeks as researchers need inner mass cells of blastocyst. After 1 week , the blastocyst will start getting implanted into the uterine wall of female and once it gets implanted , it will be difficult to take inner mass cells.

E- Some people think using embryonic stem cells means taking life of a new born . So , they oppose the research . Others think it is beneficial as it can be used to cure many types of diseases and save many people life.

My opinion is since main source is embryos from IVF , it should be allowed to continue since in IVF clinics , for better chances of fertilisation , more than one embryo are produced . Once implantation occur of one embryo , others are not used . So , better than disposal , they should be used for beneficial purposes.