BRIEFLY describe the rationale for doing transfection experiments in mammalian cells.

BRIEFLY describe the rationale for doing transfection experiments in mammalian cells.

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Transfection- It is a tool used in genetic engineering to study the gene function and their products by introducing molecules such as Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), Ribonucleic acid (RNA) and proteins into other cell where the inserted molecule attached into chromosome of the other cell and leads to change in the cell property. Transfection are of two types depending upon the nature of the genetic materials

Stable transfection- in this type the inserted genetic materials are integrated into the host DNA and and get replicated

Transient transfection- are not integrated into the DNA of host cell but capable of expressing the expression of inserted gene.

Class	Methods	Example
Physical methods	Direct injection Laser-irradiation Electroporation Biolistic particle delivery Magnetic nanoparticle Sonoporation	Gene Gun, phototransfection, Micro-needle, and Magnetofection
Biological	Virus-mediated	Adeno virus, Vaccinia virus, , Herpes simplex virus, Adeno-associated virus.
Chemical	Cationic lipid Cationic polymer Calcium phosphate	polyethyleneimine, calcium phosphate, ,DEAE-dextran, lipofectin, and lipofectamine,

The main rationale behind the transfection experiments in mammalian cells is to study the gene expression, the gene function, the product of genes produced and also for the production of recombinant proteins in mammalian cells. mammalian expression system was used for the production of first products are tissue plasminogen activator now form the different mammalian cells, bacterial cells such as E. coli, yeast cells and some insects are used for the production of different biological products.

Monoclonal antibody production- from the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells.
Urokinase production - Urokinase is a anti-thromboembolic drug which activates plasminogen into plasmin, responsible for degrading fibrin clots.
Follicle stimulating hormone production - produced from the CHO cells.
for production of reporter genes used for the detection of environmental chemicals
Recombinant human Factor IX production for hemophilia B

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