Question

Define the definition of the following with examples. 1.) Nucleophile 2.) Polar molecules 3.) Non polar molecules

Answer 1

1. A nucleophile species is that molecule or atom which donates the electtons to form bond with another atom or molecule which is more electronegative that it. Example of this species is Na atom in NaCl molecule, in which Na loses one electron to Cl to form chemical bonds.

2. Polar molecules are those molecules which are formed by those species which have different electronagativity. As the shared pair of electron is closer to the more electronegative species, this molecule posesses a permanent Dipole moment. The example of polar molecule is H₂O in which shared electrons are more towards O atom and the non symmetry of molecule makes this molecule possess a permanent dipole moment.

3. Non polar molecules are those molecules which have shared pair of electrons exactly between two atoms or they are having symmetrical geometry that the dipole moments of individual bonds cancel out due to other bonds. Methane CH₄ is an example of non polar molecule, which has pyramidal structure.