Question

Describe where Broca’s area and Wernicke’s areas are located in the brain. Compare and contrast the types of language impairments that are expressed when there is damage in each of these areas.

Explain the two types of conditioned learning processes and then apply operant conditioning techniques to show how a teacher could use them in the classroom to ensure students were behaving appropriately.

Define altruism and empathy and describe the role that the brain plays in these helping behaviors.

Answer 1

Answer.)

1.)Location of Broca's area - it is situated in the left frontal lobe, in closeness of primary motor cortex.

Location of Wernicke's Area - it is located in the left temporal lobe, near the auditory cortex?the area associated with hearing. The auditory cortex sends it yield to wernicke's area.

2.) Impairments in both areas-
Broca's Area -Known as Broca's aphasia, in this condition the patient can't talk easily. In straightforward words, he thinks that its hard to communicate verbally or through writing. So in spite of monitoring what must be passed on, the patient can't convey what needs be. He/She talks genuinely, yet in a begin and-stop way; be that as it may, commonly, their statements have a great deal of linguistic blunders. The speech is moderate, ending, with long delays between words.

Wernicke's Area -Known as Wernicke's aphasia, in this condition the patient can talk fluidly, yet can't comprehend the significance of talked words. The patient essentially can't comprehend the statement made by the speaker. Along these lines, regardless of whether the language of the speaker is capable of being heard, the patient isn't in a situation to comprehend it. Likewise, regardless of whether the patient's speech is understandable, it scarcely sounds good to the audience. The writing abilities are likewise poor.

3.) Two types of conditioned learning processes are - classical and operant conditioning .

i) Classical conditioning :

Classical conditioning is a procedure that includes making an association between a normally existing stimulus and a formerly neutral one.

The classical conditioning process includes matching a formerly neutral stimulus, (for example, the sound of a chime) with an unconditioned stimulus (the essence of sustenance).

This unconditioned stimulus normally and naturally triggers salivating as a response to the nourishment, which is known as the unconditioned response.

In the wake of partner the neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus, the sound of the chime alone will begin to bring out salivating as a response. The sound of the ringer is presently known as the conditioned stimulus and salivating in response to the chime is known as the conditioned response.

ii) Operant conditioning

Operant conditioning centers around utilizing either reinforcement or punishment to increment or decline a behavior. Through this procedure, an association is framed between the behavior and the consequences for that behavior. For instance, envision that a coach is endeavoring to educate a puppy to bring a ball. At the point when the pooch fruitful pursues and gets the ball, the puppy gets commend as a reward.

4.) In a classroom setup operant conditioning can be used in many ways .

By building operant conditioning techniques into exercise designs, it is effectively conceivable to show children valuable aptitudes - and also good behaviors. By utilizing images like smiley faces, 'Good Work' stamps, stickers, and even straightforward ticks when a child accomplishes something accurately, you are urging them to rehash such fulfilling work sometime later.

You could even utilize this sort of reinforcement when educating an understudy something absolutely new, similar to how to spell a specific word. When they do it effectively, you can regulate acclaim to instill the message that they've done it right. By doing the contrary when they don't get it precisely right, you can entice them far from doing it along these lines later on. Basically, the procedure is tied in with sustaining the understudy and helping them in their advancement. With a good state of mind and positive approach, it truly should be possible.

5.)

Empathy-it's anything but an inclination however a skill that can be scholarly, to subjectively comprehend another's perspective and consequently the subsequent emotions the individual must understanding. (This one is instructed to therapists and med understudies mostly in light of the fact that it's more goal and open to instruction than sympathy)

Altruism: selfless want to help other people as communicated in behavior; here activity is vital (some contend how selfless altruism truly is).