Question

For each scenario, assess whether an externality is present.

a. Vaccinating children against influenza reduces its incidence among elderly.

b. Newly graduated nurses flock to reaching hospitals for training. After working for a year, many leave work for competitors.

c. A couple who planned to move to Florida to retire find that the plummeting house market has wiped out equity.

d. Physicians complain that they spend a third of their time explaining to patients why television advertisement about medications for their conditions do not apply to them. ( NO PLAGIARISM PLEASE , 80 WORDS ESSAY FOR A, B, C, AND D PLEASE )

Answer 1

a. Vaccinating children against influenza reduces its incidence among elderly.

Positive externality is present in this case.

Vaccinating children against influenza may provide an indirect benefit to older adults in reducing exposure to this largely preventable and deadly disease, and induce herd immunity in this vulnerable population of older adults.

b. Newly graduated nurses flock to reaching hospitals for training. After working for a year, many leave work for competitors.

Positive externality is present in this case.

Nurses are frontline service providers in most healthcare systems globally.

So,An adequate staffing level with a stable workforce brings many benefits to health services: staff, organizations and the people who are being cared for.

  

c. A couple who planned to move to Florida to retire find that the plummeting house market has wiped out equity.

No externality is present in this case.

d. Physicians complain that they spend a third of their time explaining to patients why television advertisement about medications for their conditions do not apply to them.

Direct-to-consumer marketing of prescription drugs should be prohibited.Pharmaceutical advertising does not promote public health. It increases the cost of drugs and the number of unnecessary prescriptions, which is expensive to taxpayers, and can be harmful or deadly to patients.

Therefore,negative externality under this case as it also increases the efforts of the physicians.Also,their time is also wasted in making their patients understand.

Also,Physicians while their time explaining to patients why television advertisement about medications for their conditions do not apply to them.Through this,physicans are spreading positive externality creating the awareness among people.