Question

What were Patterson's three different tests for morphological homology? Define parallelism, serial homology, and convergence and in detail and explain how Patterson's tests distinguish homology from them?

Answer 1

Ans

Patterson's three different test for morphological homology were:

1. Similarity
2. Congruence
3. Conjunction

Definition of

1. ​​​​​​​​​parallelism: it defines as the pairing of parallel way from different level of morphological classes or similar class of morphological but it contains different components and materials of morphological parallelism.
2. Serial homology: it's defines as resemblance or representing relation in the components of same organism. Or different members of single morohological structure in an organism.
3. convergence:  ​​​​​​it's defines as analogue structure of species/ ancestors. Which indicates a general identity of phenotypic similarity as compared to non identical convergence structure.

By Patterson's test says that difference between morphology and homology of particular sites in sequence alignment occurred. In case of similarity test gives that any particular nucleotide having identical same sequence alignment. According to congruence test determine complex structure of nucleotide which is difficult to identify by homology. Patterson's test concluded that the ability of similarity and congruence test are more or less varying continuously depends on the criteria.