Question

9. Answer BOTH parts of this question.  

1. Protein PEGylation is the covalent attachment of polyethylene glycol to a therapeutic protein active. Evaluate this as a technique.

2. Anti-cancer small molecule drugs can be attached to polymers to improve the targeting of a tumour mass. Evaluate this as a technique.

Answer 1

Conversion with PEG can also be used to produce various enzymes that are soluble and reactive hydrophobic organic solvents such as benzene, toluene or chlorinated hydrocarbons. Modification of enzyme ~ surface properties with amphipathic PG or PM molecules results in increased solubility. Benefits of PEG or PM modified enzymes:

1. Reverse hydrolysis performed on hydrophobic media;

2. The increased catalyst of hydrophobic surface;

3.Stereoscopic adhesion in hydrophobic media;

4. Synthesis of volatile compounds in aqueous media;

5. Increased thermostability in hydrophobic and aqueous media.

Different forms of Activated PEG:

1. Anti-tumor protein Antibiotics/antibody

2. asparaginase

3, colony-stimulating factor

4, interferon

5, Interleukin 2 Inherited deficiency of enzyme Bilirubin oxidase

7, gluconolactone oxidase

8, purine nucleoside phosphorylase

9, uricase

10 Anti-inflammation Catalase

11, superoxide dismutase 2 Suppression of immune response Ovalbumin

13 Anti-thrombosis Hirudin

14, streptokinase

15, thrombin

16, trypsin

17, urokinase

18 Blood substitute Albumin

19, hemoglobin

20, immunoglobulin

21, myoglobin

22, protease inhibitor

23 Miscellaneous Alkaline phosphatase

24, fetuin

25, peptide

26. protease

27. protein A

28. ribonuclease

29. soybean trypsin inhibitor

Polyethylene is a biochemical modification of bioactive molecules with polyethylene glycol (PEG), which has many desirable properties for proteins / peptides, antibodies and vesicles used for the use of cells or therapeutics. However, PEGylation of proteins is a complex process and can be done using more than one strategy depending on the nature and desired application of the protein. Proteins of interest are covalently bound or non-covalent complexes with inert PEG strings. Purification of PEGylated proteins is another important step, mainly based on molecular sizes using electrostatic interactions or chromatography. Many PEGylated drugs have been used for diseases such as anemia, kidney disease, multiple sclerosis, hemophilia and cancer. With the progress and increased specificity of the PEGylation process, the world of drug therapy, and especially cancer treatment, may benefit from the use of this technology to create more stable and immune therapies. In this article we describe the structure and functions of PEGylation and how this chemistry contributes to drug discovery. In addition, special emphasis is placed on CCN-family proteins used as therapies to prevent or prevent cancer progression through the PEGylation technique.