Question

 

Define the following terms

Caponization

Ovulation

Egg sequence

Clutch

First in sequence and terminal laid in sequence eggs

a) List 3 characteristics that can different broiler breeders from normal layers

b) Indicate 5 problems associated with broiler breeder reproduction as result of poor
management

c) Suggest 2 management practices to reduce reproductive failure in broiler breeders

a) Draw a normal poultry sperm and label parts appropriately. Indicate clearly the tail,
mitochondria, nucleus and acrosome regions

b) Briefly describe the concept behind the sperm penetration assay in chickens or method of assessing the viability of poultry sperms as described by Bramwell, 1998. Sperm Penetration in Broiler Breeder Strains

a) State 5 advantages and 5 disadvantages of artificial insemination ()
Advantages

Disadvantages

b) During incubation chicken embryonic development can be split into 3 periods. Clearly
indicate the time lapse or periods of early, mid and later periods of incubation. You may
use diagram .

kindly answer them

Answer 1

Question 1. Define the following terms

a. Caponization

Answer: "Caponization is defined as the process by which roosters (adult male chicken) are neutered (castrated) with the aim of making the flesh more succulent and tender." Caponization can be performed either surgically or chemically.

b. Ovulation

Answer: "Ovulation is the process during which the ovary releases a mature egg (ova/yolk) into the oviduct." After the ova enters the oviduct, certain glands secrete substances that contribute to the formation of the albumen (egg white) and the shell, after which, a complete egg is formed.

c. Egg sequence

Answer: "In domestic fowls such as hens, the eggs are laid in a 'sequence' which depends upon the stage of maturation of the eggs, due to which there are one or more 'pauses' or 'nonlaying days'."

d. Clutch

Answer: "Clutch is defined as the group of eggs laid by a fowl (such as hen) on consecutive days (i.e. without any pause or nonlaying days)." Thus, after a hen lays a clutch, it undergoes a pause, followed by which it lays another clutch.

e. First in sequence and terminal laid in sequence eggs

Answer: In a clutch (a group of eggs), the first egg to be laid is known as the first in sequence. The first egg in the sequence is the one that matures first. Similarly, the egg that is laid at last in the clutch is known as terminal laid in sequence eggs. These are the ones that mature the last in the sequence.