Question

Find and summarize one specific application of IPCSs in bone tissue engineering. Your summary should include scaffold characteristics, scaffold manufacturing technique, development process of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (IPSCs), how IPSCs response to these scaffolds, differentiation characteristics of IPCSc, how osteogenic differentiation is evaluated and general comments about potential usage of IPSCs in bone tissue engineering applications? Please do not forget to state your reference article or resource. (Note that it could be a tissue engineering text book.)

Answer 1

Bone tissue engineering technologies to clinical use remins challanging considarable reaserch has been done in studying how cells scffolds and signals may use to enhance acute facture healing and to adress the problematic scenarios of nonunion and critical sied bone deffects.The researcher findings suggest that tissue enginering may considerd to stimulate angiogenisis and osteogenisis to modulate the immune response to fracture to improve the biocompatibility of implants to prevent or combact infection and to filllarge gaps created by traumatic bone loss. The abundance of preclinical data supports the high potential of bone tissue engineering for clinical application although a number of barrier to translation first be over come.this review focuses on currnt and poential application of bone tissue engineering approches in orthopedic trauma with specific attention paid to accute fracture healing ,nonunion,and critical-sied bone deffects.

The bone tissue engineering can basically be divided into scaffold, growth factor and cells. scaffold delevary vehicle for osteoinductive molicules and ostreogenic cells. it will fill the gaps in bone deffects and facilitate healing

stem cell:-The most impotant primative derive from the fertilized oocyte to totpotent.inner cell mass from which the embriyo derives also known as embryonic stem cells pluripotent. multipotent stem cell also known asadult stem cells in the fully differentiatad tissues.Stem cell located in the bone marrow known as mesenchymal stem cells these cells were able to develop into distinct terminal and differentiated cells including bone cartilage fat and tendon. They can ce be extensively expanded in vitro immunosupressive roles in invivo which would make them suitable for allogenic or exonogenic transplantation.

processing techniques:- SOLVANT CASTING/ PARTICULATELECHING is probably the best known and mostwidely used method for the prepration of bone tissue engenieering scaffolds. This method consisting in dispensing calibrated minerals or organic particles in polymer solution.This dispertion is them processed either by casting or by freeing - drying in order to produce porous scsffolds.

FIBER BONDING:- it is scaffold processing techniques that consists of individual fiber woven or knitted into three diamentional patterns of varible pore size.