Question

How are groups formed based on Schutz's Theory?

Answer 1

In 1958, William Schutz created a theory of interpersonal relationships, describing interpersonal interactions of a local group of people. This theory is called the Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation (FIRO). This theory assumes that in a group situation, members exhibit three major interpersonal needs namely, control, inclusion and affection/openness, which guides group behavior.

'Control' is the need to have satisfactory relationships with group members, in respect of power and influence. Autocrats control with the help of self-directed efforts. Abdicrats follow others. They are given directions and are controlled. There are also democrats, who focus on teamwork.

'Inclusion' is the need to belong. In a group, there can be oversocials, who desire to be the center of attraction. They do not want exclusion or ignorance. Undersocials are just the opposite and desire to be alone.

'Affection' relates to the need for appreciation and recognition in a group situation. Underpersonals are motivated to stay away from interactions, whereas overpersonals exhibit an intense desire for communication.

Thus, Schutz's theory is helpful in understanding group dynamics and interpersonal behavioral styles. According to Schutz's theory, a group is formed to fulfill certain needs, that is, control, inclusion and affection. Some people are high on these needs, whereas others are low on them. These needs guide human behavior in a group situation. In a group, understanding of interpersonal needs helps in training individuals and organizing, managing and sustaining a team. From interpersonal needs, workplace morale can be comprehended. Better understanding of these needs help in conducting effective group meetings, resolving conflicts and communicating and handling organizational changes (like mergers, acquisitions and layoffs).