5. Which of the following is an example of the hidden third variable problem? a. Jeff...

5. Which of the following is an example of the hidden third variable problem? a. Jeff conducts a correlation analysis to determine if there is a relationship between age and number of times a person has traveled outside of the country. He finds no correlation between the two variables. b. Justin conducts a correlation analysis to see if there is a relationship between % of surface body hair and risk of having a stroke in males. He finds a strong, positive correlation. However, he neglected to measure testosterone levels, which can influence both body hair and risk of stroke. c. Caitlin conducts a correlation analysis to see if there is a relationship between the age someone begins learning Spanish and their score on a Spanish competency test. She finds a strong, negative correlation and does not try to make causal inferences. d. Alaina conducts a correlation analysis to see if there is a relationship between how many years someone owns a cat and a person’s age at death. She finds a strong, positive correlation. However, she does not know if owning a large number of cats increased life expectancy or if life expectancy increased the number of cats a person owned. 6. Please explain why you chose your answer above (i.e., why are the other options not correct):_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Expert Solution

The following is the correct answer:

b. Justin conducts a correlation analysis to see if there is a relationship between % of surface body hair and risk of having a stroke in males. He finds a strong, positive correlation. However, he neglected to measure testosterone levels, which can influence both body hair and risk of stroke.

Now here the third variable is testosterone levels which influence both the variables under consideration. This is the third hidden variable which would effect the correlation significantly. Maybe people with high % of surface body hair have high testosterone levels which is actually increasing the risk of stroke and not high % of surface body hair.

All the remaining correlations are not hiding any third variable confounding the effects.

a. Jeff conducts a correlation analysis to determine if there is a relationship between age and number of times a person has traveled outside of the country. He finds no correlation between the two variables.

It is pretty straightforward. Age and number of times travelled outside the country do not seem to be correlated at all.

c. Caitlin conducts a correlation analysis to see if there is a relationship between the age someone begins learning Spanish and their score on a Spanish competency test. She finds a strong, negative correlation and does not try to make causal inferences.

With Age, a person's mental skills does become a little weaker so this inference also does not seems to have a lurking variable.

d. Alaina conducts a correlation analysis to see if there is a relationship between how many years someone owns a cat and a person’s age at death. She finds a strong, positive correlation. However, she does not know if owning a large number of cats increased life expectancy or if life expectancy increased the number of cats a person owned.

No lurking/confounding variable here either.

Please let me know if anything is unclear in comments. Will reply ASAP. Please upvote if satisfied!

orchestra answered 2 years ago

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