Question

Match each term with the correct description:

A.	Randomized Controlled Trial
B.	Cross-Sectional Design
C.	Longitudinal Design
D.	Case control design
E.	Repeated Measures Design
F.	Interrupted time series design
G.	The Posttest Control Group Design
H.	Cohort sequential design

Data are collected in a time-fixed manner to gain a “snapshot” of health conditions at the particular time in which the observation is made.   The same participants are followed over a period of time and interviewed more than once during the same period. The addition of multiple data collection time points allows for the determination of changes in health-related outcomes over time.   A hybrid of cross-sectional and longitudinal designs that corrects for cohort effects, which are the effects of the study that could be due to a group who shares a common characteristic or experience within a defined period. Description: Relies on the selection of participants on the basis of whether they have or do not have the disease or other health related outcome of interest. Allows the researcher to determine the likelihood of the contribution of exposure, even though assessment only occurs at one time, to the outcome by comparing histories. The weakest of the true experimental designs and is considered a between subjects design.   The most effective and rigorous design for testing the efficacy of a health promotion program or treatment because it allows for causal inference and has the highest level of control possible in a real-world setting. An experimental design that uses subjects as their own controls by exposing the same people to different levels of the independent variable.   The strongest quasi experimental approach for evaluating the longitudinal effects of interventions. It involves collecting data at multiple instances over time before and after a treatment or intervention to determine whether or not the intervention had an effect over and above any trend present in the data.

Answer 1

A . Randomized Controlled Trial :-  The most effective and rigorous design for testing the efficacy of a health promotion program or treatment because it allows for causal inference and has the highest level of control possible in a real-world setting.

B . Cross-Sectional Design :-  Data are collected in a time-fixed manner to gain a “snapshot” of health conditions at the particular time in which the observation is made.  

C . Longitudinal Design :-  The same participants are followed over a period of time and interviewed more than once during the same period. The addition of multiple data collection time points allows for the determination of changes in health-related outcomes over time.  

D . Case control design :- Relies on the selection of participants on the basis of whether they have or do not have the disease or other health related outcome of interest. Allows the researcher to determine the likelihood of the contribution of exposure, even though assessment only occurs at one time, to the outcome by comparing histories.

E . Repeated Measures Design :- An experimental design that uses subjects as their own controls by exposing the same people to different levels of the independent variable.  

F . Interrupted time series design :- The strongest quasi experimental approach for evaluating the longitudinal effects of interventions. It involves collecting data at multiple instances over time before and after a treatment or intervention to determine whether or not the intervention had an effect over and above any trend present in the data.

G . The Posttest Control Group Design :- The weakest of the true experimental designs and is considered a between subjects design.  

H . Cohort sequential design :- A hybrid of cross-sectional and longitudinal designs that corrects for cohort effects, which are the effects of the study that could be due to a group who shares a common characteristic or experience within a defined period.