Compare the following blood glucose concentration data provided for Maria and Tamika. One of these women...

Compare the following blood glucose concentration data provided for Maria and Tamika. One of these women has diabetes. Both women ate identical meals at the same times, and got equal amounts of exercise at the same time. Neither is currently taking insulin.

This is the complete chart:

Blood Glucose Levels
Time/Event	Maria	Tamika
Wake Up: 8:00 am	4.0	10.0
1 hour after breakfast: 9:00 am	7.0	14.0
Pre-Lunch: 12:00 pm	4.5	10.0
2 hours after Lunch: 2:00 pm	6.0	15.0
Mid- Afternoon: 3:00 pm	4.5	10.0
1 hour after vigorous exercise: 4:00 pm	4.0	4.0
Pre-Supper: 6:00 pm	4.5	9.0
1 hour after supper: 7:00 pm	6.5	18.0
Bedtime: 11:00 pm	4.5	12.0

Indicate the times and activities during which the pancreas of a healthy person should release hormones (specify which hormone) and their effect. Determine which woman is diabetic and justify your answer (include information about healthy blood glucose levels).

Expert Solution

NICE recommended target blood glucose level ranges

Target Levels by Type	Before meals (pre prandial)	2 hours after meals (post prandial)
Non-diabetic	4.0 to 5.9 mmol/L	under 7.8 mmol/L
Type 2 diabetes	4 to 7 mmol/L	under 8.5 mmol/L
Type 1 diabetes	4 to 7 mmol/L	under 9 mmol/L
Children w/ type 1 diabetes	4 to 8 mmol/L	under 10 mmol/L

Time/Event	Maria	Tamika	Hormone release
Wake Up: 8:00 am	4.0	10.0
1 hour after breakfast: 9:00 am	7.0	14.0	INSULIN ( when blood glucose level increases , insulin is released, which converts glucose into glycogen)
Pre-Lunch: 12:00 pm	4.5	10.0
2 hours after Lunch: 2:00 pm	6.0	15.0
Mid- Afternoon: 3:00 pm	4.5	10.0
1 hour after vigorous exercise: 4:00 pm	4.0	4.0	Glucagon ( when blood glucose level falls, glucogan is released , which breaks glucogen to glucose)
Pre-Supper: 6:00 pm	4.5	9.0
1 hour after supper: 7:00 pm	6.5	18.0
Bedtime: 11:00 pm	4.5	12.0

Tamika is diabetic, her blood glucose levels are high compared to normal range.

its due to lack of insulin hormone, which regulates blood glucose level. when blood glucose level increases , insulin converts glucose into glycogen which is stored in liver cells.

She needs antidiabetic drugs and diet management to avoid secondary complications.

gladiator answered 2 years ago

The blood glucose concentration is controlled by the liver. It removes glucose from the blood stream...

The blood glucose concentration is controlled by the liver. It removes glucose from the blood stream and stores it when the blood glucose concentration gets too high and it releases glucose to the blood stream when its concentration gets too low. Unlike HK II, it needs to be able to respond to a range of glucose concentrations. As a result, hexokinase activity in liver has a different concentration dependence profile compared to HK II in muscle—HK IV is NOT a...

Please compare the experiences of Maria Winkelmann and Laura Bassi as women in science in their...

Please compare the experiences of Maria Winkelmann and Laura Bassi as women in science in their respective times. Analyze the similarities and differences of their experience.

The fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels of a population of women is thought to have a...

The fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels of a population of women is thought to have a standard deviation of 0.75 mmol/l. A study is being designed to determine whether FBG levels are increased in women who have taken oral contraceptive for at least 6 months. How large a sample is required to detect 0.50 mmol/l if alpha = 0.05 and the power is 0.95?

In humans, the concentration of glucose in the blood is maintained at roughly 5 mM. Hexokinase...

In humans, the concentration of glucose in the blood is maintained at roughly 5 mM. Hexokinase (HK II) in muscle is a Michaelis-Menten enzyme and its KM for glucose is about 0.1 mM. The blood glucose and intracellular glucose concentrations rapidly equilibrate so that the cellular glucose concentration can be considered to be essentially the same as the blood glucose concentration. Also, prolonged high concentrations of glucose in the blood can be toxic. a) What do the KM and the...

True or False 1.Rise in ketone bodies in blood parallels an increase in blood glucose concentration....

True or False 1.Rise in ketone bodies in blood parallels an increase in blood glucose concentration. 2.Glutamate dehydrogenase catalyzes a metabolically irreversible and redox-active reaction.

When the blood glucose concentration is low, the pancreas secretes glucagon to signal the liver to...

When the blood glucose concentration is low, the pancreas secretes glucagon to signal the liver to produce glucose and glucose-1-phosphate. Which metabolic steps are involved in this biosignaling pathway? I. Inactivation of glycogen synthase via phosphorylation by protein kinase A II. Activation of glycogen synthase via phosphorylation by protein kinase A III. Activation of phosphofructokinase-2 via phosphorylation by protein kinase A IV. Activation of fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase via phosphorylation by protein kinase A V. Activation of phosphofructokinase-1 by fructose-2,6-bisphosphate VI. Inhibition of...

Identify the 3 different external stimuli(temperature changes, fall in blood O2 concentration and blood glucose levels)...

Identify the 3 different external stimuli(temperature changes, fall in blood O2 concentration and blood glucose levels) listed and summarize what changes occur in the body’s internal environment and the mechanisms by which the internal environment responds to these stimuli. You can provide example/s for particular species.

Explain the physiological mechanisms involved in blood glucose concentration regulation trying to prevent hypoglycemia which is...

Explain the physiological mechanisms involved in blood glucose concentration regulation trying to prevent hypoglycemia which is especially dangerous for brain function.

1. One of the roles of the liver is to maintain a blood glucose level between...

1. One of the roles of the liver is to maintain a blood glucose level between 70 – 120 mg/dL (roughly 3.8 – 6.7 mM). Several factors are involved in the fact that liver cells (hepatocytes) respond differently than other cell types; on of those factors is differential expression of hexokinase isoforms. Most cells express hexokinase I; the liver primarily uses isoform IV, more commonly referred to as glucokinase. The table below summarized some of the differences between these isoforms....

1. A) Compare/contrast how insulin and glucagon signal different blood glucose levels and their effects on...

1. A) Compare/contrast how insulin and glucagon signal different blood glucose levels and their effects on glycogen breakdown, glycogen synthesis and glycolysis. B) Compare the fates of glucose 6-phosphate from glycogen breakdown in liver and muscle

Question