Question

1. Review the functions of the CNS as it controls the physiological processes of the body. Consider the following systems –                                     

Hormonal control of the reproductive system (oestrus cycle and parturition)

Answer 1

The central nervbous system controls the most functions of the body . The central nervous system consists of brain and the spinal cord.The nerves that branch off from the spinal cord is the peripheral nervous system nad it extends all over the body.By the spinal cord central nervous system is connected to the peripheral nervous system.Our bodys voluntary and involuntary movements are controlled by the central nervous system.The brain is responsible for interpretting information fom the peripheral nervous system by tracts of nerve cells in teh spinal cord which connect the brain to the peripheral nervous system.Neurons are the main componenets of central nervous system.These neurons helps to relay information from the organs,muscles ,joints and back to our brain and viceversa.Microglia are the  immune cells of the brain.Phagocytic function and immunosuppressive functions are carried out by these immune cells.

The first function of central nervous system is coordination and movement.The CNS receive input from various sources and implement in a cohesive manner.CNS alters the muscle contraction based on the stimuli.

Central nervous system functioning is the main factor for the function of mental health.In the development of speech ,language and communication brain plays an important role.

THe menstrual cycle is regulated by the hypothalamus,pituitary and ovaries.Hypothalamus releases the ganadotrophin releasing hormone and it stimulate the anterior pituitary.Leutinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone will release as aresult of the stimulation of anterior pituitary which inturn produces ovarian steroids and nad the development of ovarian follicles.

Progesterone prevent the contraction of uterus at the time of development.The physical stress by the baby and the uterus causes the release of stress hormones,corticotropin releasing hormone and cortisol from both the uterus and teh baby.As a result estriol will be increased .It inhibits the synthesis of progesterone by the placenta.The uterus also produces a hormone called prostaglandin and results in the decrease of progesterone level.It helps to initiate the labour contractions alomg with the release of another hormone relaxin.Relaxin is produced by the ovaries.During the child birth,there is an increase in concentration of oxytocin.Oxytocin helps in to push the foetus downwards .IT helps to stetch cervix and leads to birth.Oxytocin is an additional hypothalamic hormone.When oxytocin enters in to the blood stream ,it initiates lactation .