Question

In: Chemistry

Calculate the free energy of transport (Delta G) for the movement of sodium ions (Na+ )...

Calculate the free energy of transport (Delta G) for the movement of sodium ions (Na+ ) from the extracellular space into the cell under the following conditions: [Na+ ]out = 140 mM; [Na+ ]in = 12.0 mM; membrane potential =−60.0 mV; T = 37.0C. Use R = 8.314 J/mol K; F = 96,500 J/V mol. 2. Calculate the free energy of transport (Delta G) for the movement of potassium ions (K+ ) from the extracellular space into the cell under the following conditions: [K+ ]out = 4.50 mM; [K+ ]in = 145 mM; membrane potential =−60.0 mV; T = 37.0C. Use R = 8.314 J/mol K; F = 96,500 J/V mol. 3. The sodium-potassium ATPase pumps 3 moles of Na+ out of the cell and 2 moles of K+ into the cell for every mole of ATP hydrolyzed to ADP and Pi . Using the values you calculated above, and assuming that the free energy of hydrolysis of ATP is – 50.5 kJ/mol, what is the net free energy change associated with the activity of the sodium-potassium ATPase? Is this process thermodynamically favorable under these conditions?

Solutions

Expert Solution

The movement of ions in the permeable membrane involves change in concentration and change in free energy.

Delta G will be negative if the concentration gradiant is less during the transport of ion (this means the energy is released). Likewise if the energy is consumed the delta G will be positive.

The amount of free energy is calculated by using a formula

Delta G = R x T X ln ([X]in/[X]out)

R = Universal gas constant 8.314 J/mol K
T = temperature in K
X = Concentration of ion

1)

1. Sodium ions concentration outside = 12 mM; Sodium ions inside = 140 mM.
2. Temperature 37 deg C = 273 + 37 = 310 K
3. R = 8.314 J/mol K

By applying above equation

Delta G = 8.314 X 310 X ln (12/140)
= 2577 X ln (0.085)
   = 2577 X (-2.465)
   = -6,352 J/mol
by converting into Kcal/mol we get
   = -1.51 Kcal/mol

2)

1. Potassium ions concentration outside = 4.5 mM; Potassium ions inside = 145 mM.
2. Temperature 37 deg C = 273 + 37 = 310 K
3. R = 8.314 J/mol K

By applying above equation

Delta G = 8.314 X 310 X ln (145/4.5)
= 2577 X ln (32)
   = 2577 X (3.46)
   = 8,931 J/mol
by converting into Kcal/mol we get
   = 2.13 Kcal/mol


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