Question

name and michanism of diseaes related to conncentive tissue and the important thing is the referance which i want from a book or a paper

Answer 1

CTDs (Connective tissue diseases) are referred to as systemic disorders with anomalies in the collagen and elastin containing tissues. CTDs include rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic sclerosis (SSc), mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), dermatomyositis/polymyositis (DM/PM), Sjögren's syndrome (SS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE),  relapsing polychondritis, and ankylosing spondylitis.

RA is associated with the MHC (Major histocompatibility Complex) Class II gene product HLA-DR4. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a form of inflammatory arthritis that leads to the joint destruction. It is characterized by arthritis on both sides of the body which leads to pain, swelling and reduced mobility. RA and SSc are typically associated with complications in pulmonary system. MCTD is an autoimmune disease. The anti-RNP immune response mediates some of the damage that it induces. Nucleus of all human cells contain the RNP molecules and these molecules help in manufacturing messenger RNA. However, the immune system cannot find them.

Polymyositis and dermatomyositis include ligaments, tendons and the dense sheets of collagen-based tissue that sheath the ends of the muscles.Swelling and tenderness is caused in the muscles (polymyositis) and also the skin (dermatomyositis). Sjögren syndrome is an autoimmune disorder. The immune system primarily attacks the tear producing glands (the lacrimal glands) and saliva (the salivary glands), thus impairing the glands' ability to secrete these fluids. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a disease causing inflammation in connective tissues, such as cartilage and the lining of blood vessels throughout the body. Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare inflammatory disease which primarily affects the cartilage of the nose, ear, joints, tracheobronchial tree and also cardiovascular system. Ankylosing spondylitis is a form of chronic inflammatory arthritis, primarily affecting the spine.

References:

https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/mixed-connective-tissue-disease-mctd/

https://www.cedars-sinai.edu/Patients/Health-Conditions/Polymyositis-and-Dermatomyositis.aspx

https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/systemic-lupus-erythematosus

https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/sjogren-syndrome

https://new.hindawi.com/journals/cridm/2014/791951/

https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/ankylosing-spondylitis

https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/ankylosing-spondylitis