Question

What is meant when we use the term “gene clone” versus what we mean when we use the term “recombinant plasmid” (4 pts). Answer in two to four complete sentences.

Answer 1

In simple terms, gene cloning is the process by which we can make an exact copy of a gene of interest and it is done with the help of recombinant plasmid. Gene cloning is done by 3 main steps. At first, the gene of interest is cut and inserted into a vector. Vectors are the carriers of the gene of interest. Many types of vectors exist such as plasmid vector, cosmid vector, YAC, BAC etc. After the genes are inserted into the vector, the vectors are then inserted into bacterial cells via transformation process. Then they are selected by placing in media containing antibiotics and after selection, the cells are grown. When needed, the genes are isolated from the vectors which now contain the copy of the gene of interest.

The plasmid is one type of closed circular piece of extra-chromosomal DNA found in the bacterial cells which confer antibiotic resistance and have the capability to divide on its own. The plasmids are isolated and the gene of interest is incorporated into the plasmid thus making the recombinant plasmid. The process is performed by first cutting the plasmid and gene of interest by a restriction enzyme and after insertion, ligase enzyme seals them together.

Therefore, we can say that a recombinant plasmid is a tool needed for the gene cloning process.