The rate constants for the reactions of atomic chlorine and of hydroxyl radical with ozone are...

The rate constants for the reactions of atomic chlorine and of hydroxyl radical with ozone are given by 3 x 10-11 e-250/T and 2 x 10-12 e-940/T, where T is the Kelvin temperature. Calculate the rate constant for ozone destruction by chlorine under conditions in the Antarctic ozone hole, when the temperature is about -80°C and the concentration of atomic chlorine increases by a factor of one hundred to about 4 x 105 molecules cm-3.

Expert Solution

queen_honey_blossom answered 10 months ago

Gamma radiation of water produces the hydroxyl radical (HO). Write a mechanism showing how hydroxyl radical...

Gamma radiation of water produces the hydroxyl radical (HO). Write a mechanism showing how hydroxyl radical can ceave and modify DNA.

Atomic chlorine is produced under ozone-hole conditions by the photodissociation of Cl2. Given that Cl2 gas...

Atomic chlorine is produced under ozone-hole conditions by the photodissociation of Cl2. Given that Cl2 gas is the most stable form of the element, and that the ΔHfo for atomic chlorine is +121.7 kJ mol-1, calculate the maximum wavelength of light that can dissociate diatomic chlorine into the monoatomic form. Does this wavelength correspond to the UVA or UVB region of the wavelength spectrum?

Hydroxyl radicals react with and eliminate many atmospheric pollutants. However, the hydroxyl radical does not clean...

Hydroxyl radicals react with and eliminate many atmospheric pollutants. However, the hydroxyl radical does not clean up everything. For example, chlorofluorocarbons - which destroy stratospheric ozone - are not attacked by the hydroxyl radical. Consider the hypothetical reaction by which the hydroxyl radical might react with a chlorofluorocarbon: OH(g)+CF2Cl2(g)→HOF(g)+CFCl2(g) 1. Use bond energies to explain why this reaction is improbable. Calculate ΔHrxn of this reaction. Express your answer as an integer with the appropriate units. 2. Explain why this reaction...

Which of the following statements is true? Fast reactions have small rate constants. Slow reactions have...

Which of the following statements is true? Fast reactions have small rate constants. Slow reactions have large rate constants. A rate equation contains concentration terms for all reactants involved in a one-step mechanism. A rate equation contains concentration terms for all the reactants involved in a multi-step reaction.

O3 + O -->2O2) Depletion of the ozone layer is believed to be caused by chlorine...

O3 + O -->2O2) Depletion of the ozone layer is believed to be caused by chlorine catalyzed O3 decomposition. For the uncatalyzed reaction Ea,f= 19 kJ/mol. For the following mechanism, Ea1, f =2.1 and Ea2,f =0.4 kJ/mol: Proposed Mechanism: Cl+O3--> ClO +O2 ClO+O--> Cl+O2 a.) What is the dH for the reaction? I know the answer is -390 kJ/mol. I don't know where this answer comes from! b.) What is the Ea, r for the uncatalyzed reaction? I know the...

Chlorine monoxide (ClO) plays a major role in the creation of the ozone holes in the...

Chlorine monoxide (ClO) plays a major role in the creation of the ozone holes in the stratosphere over Earth's polar regions. Part 1-If Δ[ClO] Δt at 298 K is 22.97×10–6 M/s, what is the rate of change in [Cl2] in the following reaction? $$2ClO(g) Cl2(g)+O2(g) Part 2 What is the rate of change in [O2] in the reaction? Part 3 If Δ[ClO] Δt is 28.81×10–3 M/s, what is the rate of appearance of oxygen in the following reaction? $$ClO(g)+O3(g) O2(g)+ClO2(g)...

1a. In the formation of table salt (NaCl), sodium (atomic number 11) and chlorine (atomic number...

1a. In the formation of table salt (NaCl), sodium (atomic number 11) and chlorine (atomic number 17) interact because: Select one: a. sodium and chlorine share a pair of electrons b. sodium and chlorine share two pairs of electrons c. chlorine donates seven electrons to sodium d. the atoms are attracted to one another by hydrophobic interactions e. sodium donates one electron to chlorine 1b. Which, if any, of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Haploid cells cannot...

1. In the stratosphere, nitric oxide radical (·NO) is produced and consumed by the following reactions:...

1. In the stratosphere, nitric oxide radical (·NO) is produced and consumed by the following reactions: k1 N2O + O* ––––> 2·NO k2 ·NO + O3 ––––> ·NO2 + O2 k3 ·NO2 + O –––––––> ·NO + O2 a.(3) Based on the rate laws for these reactions, write an equation for the steady-state concentration of nitric oxide radical (·NO) in the stratosphere. The rate constant for reaction 2 (k2) varies with temperature and has an Arrhenius constant (A) of 1.8...

Chlorine oxide (ClO), which plays an important role in the depletion of ozone, decays rapidly according...

Chlorine oxide (ClO), which plays an important role in the depletion of ozone, decays rapidly according to the equation 2ClO(g) → Cl2(g) + O2(g) From the following data, determine the reaction order and calculate the rate constant of the reaction. Time (s) [ClO] (M) 2.57 × 10−3 8.49 × 10−6 3.20 × 10−3 7.26 × 10−6 3.83 × 10−3 6.34 × 10−6 4.46 × 10−3 5.62 × 10−6 5.09 × 10−3 5.06 × 10−6 1) What is the order of...

A metal, M, of atomic mass 56 amu reacts with chlorine to form a salt that...

A metal, M, of atomic mass 56 amu reacts with chlorine to form a salt that can be represented as MClx. A boiling point elevation experiment is performed to determine the subscript x, and therefore, the formula of the salt. A 29.2 g sample of the salt is dissolved in 100.0 g of water and the boiling point of the solution is found to be 377 K. Find the formula of the salt. Assume complete dissociation of the salt in...

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