Question

1a.

In the formation of table salt (NaCl), sodium (atomic number 11) and chlorine (atomic number 17) interact because:

Select one:

a. sodium and chlorine share a pair of electrons

b. sodium and chlorine share two pairs of electrons

c. chlorine donates seven electrons to sodium

d. the atoms are attracted to one another by hydrophobic interactions

e. sodium donates one electron to chlorine

1b.

Which, if any, of the following statements is true?

Select one:

a. Haploid cells cannot divide by meiosis.

b. Haploid cells can divide by mitosis.

c. Diploid cells can divide by meiosis.

d. Diploid cells can divide by mitosis.

e. All of the above responses are correct.

1c.

Which of the following statements about mitochondria FALSE?

Select one:

a. Mitochondria perform the same biological function as chloroplasts.

b. Mitochondria have more than one membrane.

c. Mitochondria are involved in energy metabolism.

d. Mitochondria possess their own DNA.

e. The folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane are called cristae.

1d.

Each element is unique and different from other elements because of the number of protons in the nuclei of its atoms. Which of the following indicates the number of protons in an atom's nucleus?

Select one:

a. atomic mass

b. atomic weight

c. atomic number

d. mass weight

e. mass number

Answer 1

1a. e. sodium donates one electron to chlorine

Sodium atoms have no charge, sodium has eleven protons in its nucleus and eleven electrons orbiting it.,makes it electrically neutral. As sodium forms an ion, it will form Na+ a cation. Chlorine atomic number 17 has one more electron than it has protons so it has a net charge of -1. It is now called the Chloride ion.

When a sodium atom transfers an electron to a chlorine atom, forming a sodium cation (Na+) and a chloride anion (Cl-), both ions have complete valence shells, and are energetically more stable.

The reaction is :

• Extremely exothermic,
• Produce bright yellow light  

1b.e. All of the above responses are correct.

Haploid cells cannot divide by meiosis.

Haploid cells can't undergo meiosis because you cannot split a cell with 23 chromosomes and a haploid cell copying it's DNA would result in a daughter cell with identical genome inhibiting genetic variation between haploid cells.

Haploid cells can divide by mitosis.

Mitosis is the type of cell division that ensures equal distribution of genetic material in daughter cells. Mitosis can occur both in diploid and haploid cells.

Diploid cells can divide by meiosis.

Meiosis occurs in diploid cells. The chromosomes duplicate once, and through two successive divisions, four haploid cells are produced, each with half the chromosome number of the parental cell.

Diploid cells can divide by mitosis.

Mitosis, the parent, diploid (2n), cell is divided to create two identical, diploid (2n), daughter cells.

1c.a. Mitochondria perform the same biological function as chloroplasts.

Mitochondria power house of cell which helps in ATP production for aerobic respiration which USES OXYGEN, while chloroplast responsible for photosynthesis which PRODUCE OXYGEN. They posses similarities like their own DNA , double membrane, providing cell energy, they differ in biological function.

1d  c. atomic number

• Atomic mass, the quantity of matter contained in an atom of an element
• Atomic weight is the average mass of atoms of an element,
• Atomic number or proton number (symbol Z) of a chemical element is the number of protons found in the nucleus of every atom of that element. The atomic number uniquely identifies a chemical element.
• Mass weight is weight of body of matter
• Mass number (represented by the letter A) is defined as the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.