What are the pathways for protein degradation in the body

Expert Solution

The degradation of proteins in our body is important as it provides the supply of amino acids, regulates protein level and remove damaged protein from our body. The two main pathways through which proteins are degraded in our body include Lysosomal pathway and proteosomal pathway.

Lysosomal pathway involves lysosomes which contain digestive enzymes to digest large molecules. They cleave proteins into individual amino acids. The membrane of lysosome invaginates and forms vesicles full of cytosolic proteins and are degraded into amino acids.

One more mechanism involves Autophagy in which cytoplasmic proteins are degraded due to enclosure in vesicles which fuse with lysosomes.

Proteosomal pathway involves proteosome ( cylindrical protein complex in cytosol). It cleaves proteins tagged with Ubiquitin ( a regulatory protein) which acts as molecular tag and marks them for degradation. Here proteins are not broken into individual amino acids but are cleaved into small peptides (7-9 amino acids). ThyT later broken into individual amino acids by cytosolic proteases.

gladiator answered 2 years ago

Describe ubiquitin driven degradation pathways in cells. (500 words)

) What are the functions of protein degradation? (2 pts) {type answer here} ii)...

) What are the functions of protein degradation? (2 pts) {type answer here} ii) What are amino acid or other sequence aspects that appear to correlate with the half-lives of proteins? (2 pts) {type answer here} iii) Then discuss the following: a. What are the steps/characteristics of lysosome centered protein degradation? Discuss any specificities and give an example of at least one protein which is cleared via the lysosomal degradation. (3 pts) {type answer...

How can the use of glucose lead to protein degradation?

a. What are the steps/characteristics of lysosome centered protein degradation? Discuss any specificities and give an...

a. What are the steps/characteristics of lysosome centered protein degradation? Discuss any specificities and give an example of at least one protein which is cleared via the lysosomal degradation. b. What are the steps in the proteasome centered protein degradation via ubiquitination? Include the labeling with ubiquitin and the steps in proteasome and post proteasome processing. Discuss any specificities and give an example of at least one protein which is degraded via ubiquitination and the proteasome. iv) Protein...

WHAT DOES THE ENCODED PROTEIN DO IN THE BODY?

1. Describe the metabolic fates of phenylalanine; highlighting the synthesis and degradation pathways of catecholamines (dopamine,...

1. Describe the metabolic fates of phenylalanine; highlighting the synthesis and degradation pathways of catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine), melanin and thyroid hormones. 2. Describe the biochemical relationships between these disease and phenylalanine metabolism; albinism, phyenylketonuria, parkinson's disease and Haloperidol toxicity. 3. Describe the pharmacological importance of the enzymes COMT and MAO. 4. How can a knowledge of phenylalanine metabolism be useful in the laboratory diagnosis of pheochromocytoma? Describe the role of ethanol in cellular energy supply, the metabolism of...

Compare the metabolic pathways of lactate and alanine by drawing out the associated degradation pathway from...

Compare the metabolic pathways of lactate and alanine by drawing out the associated degradation pathway from lactate/alanine to CO2 & H2O. Calculate the number of moles of ATP formed from complete oxidation of 1 mol of each of these molecules. Why is the ATP yield different between the two?

please discuss what are the roles/ use/ metabolism of protein in the body? How were protein...

please discuss what are the roles/ use/ metabolism of protein in the body? How were protein requirements established for healthy adult individuals and athletes (consider if they overconsume)? Why was there no change in the RDA for protein? Discuss the risks associated with over-consumption of protein and under-consumption of protein

5. (a) What type of post-translational modification direct protein for proteasome degradation? (0.3 pt) (b) Which...

5. (a) What type of post-translational modification direct protein for proteasome degradation? (0.3 pt) (b) Which amino acid residue on the protein does the modification occur? What is the functional group that modify the protein? What types of bonds link the protein and modification group together? (0.6 pt) (c) Describe the three functions of the 19S subunit of proteasome (0.6 pt). (d) Describe the function of the 20S subunit of proteasome (0.2 pt).

From these pathways, the TCA cycle, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, β-oxidation for fatty acid degradation,...

From these pathways, the TCA cycle, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, β-oxidation for fatty acid degradation, ketone body metabolism, and lipid biosynthesis which ones are affected by low oxygen? Where in the cell do these pathways occur? Next, explain how reduced oxygen slows each pathway(s) identified. Once oxygen is no longer limiting, energy production resumes. Explain how the concentration of ATP increases with the availability of oxygen (detailed pathways and structures are NOT required). Next explain in detail how ATP...

Question