Question

Explain the mechanism of translocation on the prokaryotic ribosome.

Answer 1

• Ribosome translocation along mRNA is induced by the universally conserved ribosome GTPase, elongation factor G (EF-G) in prokaryotes.
• mRNA codons are decoded by the binding of tRNA molecules charged with amino acids. Both the small and large ribosomal subunits contain three tRNA binding sites: the A (aminoacyl) site, the P (peptidyl) site and the E (exit) site.
• The process of translocation begins with binding of an aminoacyl‐tRNA to the A site followed by the catalysis of peptide transfer from the P‐ to the A‐site tRNA. This entire cycle is termed as elongation cycle.
• tRNA translocation is coupled to the movement of the associated codons of the mRNA through the ribosome and is catalyzed by a universally conserved elongation factor,EF‐G.
• The elongation cycle of translation, translocation is the process that advances the mRNA–tRNA moiety on the ribosome, to allow the next codon to move into the decoding center, leading to the end of the process and beginning of the next.

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