Question

Master Budget Problem: You are the sole shareholder and operator of a small incorporated business that purchases compact global positioning devices and sells them to retailers. You started your business two years ago. The following data have been assembled to assist in the preparation of the master budget for the first quarter (January, february and March) of 2020. Your first task is to make up a name for your company and replace Company Name with it.

As of december 31, 2019 your company had the following balance sheet:

	Company Name (Replace with your company name) Balance Sheet December/31/2019
Cash	$5,000	Accounts payable	$26,479
Accounts receivable	25,752	Taxes payable	1200
Inventory	8,425	ST loan payable	1500
Prepaid insurance	3,500	Total current liabilities	29,179
Total current assets	42,677	LT loan payable	15,000
Equipment	16,000	Total liabilities	44,179
Accumulated depreciation	2,133	Common shares*	10,000
Net equipment	13,867	Retained earnings	2,365
Total assets	$56,544	Total liabilities and equity	$56,544

* 1,000 common shares outstanding

1. The company sells each device for $145. Actual sales for November were 240 units and for December were 354 units. In January it is expected that sales will decrease by 30%, but then will increase by 4% in February and will continue to increase by 4% each month after.
2. 60% of the cash for sales is collected in the month of sale, 25% is collected in the following month, and the remaining 15% is collected in the month after that. For simplicity, all sales taxes will be ignored.
3. The company purchases enough units each month to cover the current month’s sales and maintain an ending inventory equal to 40% of the following month’s projected sales. Each unit costs the company $85. Inventory purchases are paid for in the month following purchase.
4. The company is expected to incur fixed operating expenses of $2,000 per month.
5. On August 1, 2019, the company paid $6,000 for one year’s insurance coverage.
6. Variable operating expenses have usually been about 10% of sales for the month. This will continue in January, but they expect to see an increase to 12% by February that will continue. Operating expenses are paid for in the month incurred.
7. Interest is paid monthly on the long-term loan at a rate of 3% per annum. They are also required to make quarterly principle payments, the next is due at the end of March for $1,500. In addition to the long term debt, the company also has short term debt which it pays interest on, see Note M.
8. Equipment costing $8,000 will be purchased and paid for at the beginning of January. All equipment is depreciated on a straight-line basis over 15 years with no residual value.
9. You pay salaries totalling $5,200 each month. For simplicity, ignore all payroll tax implications.
10. You issue 100 additional common shares and sell them to your uncle for $10.00 per share at the end of Feb.
11. You will declare and pay a dividend of $5,000 at the beginning of March.
12. Income tax expense for this small business is calculated at 15% of the earnings before taxes. The company pays income tax instalments of $300 per month.
13. The company must maintain a minimum cash balance of $5,000. A short-term loan is available to cover any shortfall. Interest is paid monthly on the previous month's loan balance at a rate of 6% per annum. Any cash above $5,000 available at month end is used to reduce any existing short-term loan. The interest for the short term debt should be calculated separately from the long term debt in note G.

Answer 1

Budgets