Question

Create a concept map of how the immune system protects the body against a viral infection. Please include sufficient detail of responses from both the innate and adaptive immune responses.

Answer 1

When the body senses foreign substance (called antigens), the immune system works to recognize the antigens and get rid of them. B lymphocytes are triggered to make antibodies. These specialised proteins lock onto specific antigens. The antibodies stay in a person's body. That way, if the immune system encounters that antigen again, the antibodies are ready to do their job. That's why someone who gets sick with a disease, like chickenpox, usually won't get sick from it again.

This is also how immunization (vaccines) prevent some diseases. An immunization introduces the body to an antigen in a way that doesn't make someone sick . But it does let the body make antibodies that will protect the person from future attack by the germ . Although antibodies can recognize an antigen and lock onto it they can't destroy it without help. That's the job of T cells that are infected or some how changed. (some T cells are actually called "killer cells") T cells also help signal other cells (like phagocytes) to do their jobs.

Humans have 3 types of immunity, that are innate immunity, adaptive immunity and passive immunity.

Innate immunity :- everyone is born with innate (or natural) immunity, a type of general protection . For example, the skin acts as a barrier to block germs from entering the body. And the immune system recognizes when certain invaders are foreign and could be dangerous.

Adaptive immunity :- adaptive (or active) immunity develops throughout our lives. We develop adaptive immunity when we are exposed to diseases or when we are immunized against them with vaccines.

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