Question

need good explanation. im unsure.

Endospore Formation :

a) occurs in fungi like bread molds

b)occurs in all prokaryotes

c) is triggered by harsh conditions

d)is an alternative to binary fission

e) none of these.

Answer 1

Is triggered by harsh conditions ( Option C )

Some Gram negative bacteria are able to produce highly resistant structure called endospores. Members of the Bacillus and clostridium bacteria are some example. These bacteria grow, mature and reproduce for several hours as vegetative cells. When nutrients are exhausted, or other environmental pressure exists, spore formation begins. The bacterial chromosome replicates, a small amount of cytoplasm gathers with it, and the cell membrane grows in to seal off the developing spores.

Thick layer of peptidoglycan form, and a series of protein coats are synthesized to protect the content of the cell.

The cell wall of the vegetative cell is then disintegrates and the spore is freed.

Endospores contain a large amount of dipicolinic acid which helps in stabilizing their protein, When the environment is favorable, the protective layers break down and spores germinate to vegetative cells.

Endospore formation is not a reproductive process, a vegetative cell forms a single endospore and later this endospore germinate to give one vegetative cell.

Endospores are most resistant living things.