Question

ASSIGNMENT

Explain the following grapghs and state how they are used to make sense out of data;

Bar grapgh, Line graph, Histogram, Pie Chart, Scatter Plot, Stem-and-leaf plot,

Answer 1

A bar graph is a type of graph that represents categorical data with rectangular bars with heights proportional to the categories that they represent. These bars can be plotted either vertically or horizontally. A vertical bar chart is sometimes called a line graph. It shows comparison among different categories. The X-axis of the chart shows the categories and the Y-axis represents the height.

A line graph is a visual representation of information that changes infinitely over time. It can be also referred to as a line chart. In a line graph, there are points connecting the data to show a nonstop change. We can use a line graph to relate different events, situations, and information. The x-axis of a line graph displays the incidences and the y-axis signifies the scale, which is a set of figures that represent the data.

A histogram is a graph that lets us discover the underlying frequency distribution of a set of continuous data basically used to detect symmetricity. To construct a histogram of a continuous variable we need to split the data into intervals and these splits are called bins. In the histogram, there are no gaps between the bars like bar graph because it represents a continuous data.

Pie Charts represents the proportions and percentages between groups, by dividing a circle into proportional sections. Each arc length represents a proportion for each group, with the full circle representing the total sum of all the data which is equal to 100%. It gives a quick about the proportional distribution of the data

A scatterplot is used to identify linear associations between two variables, where one may be treated as an explanatory variable for example education and another may be treated as a response variable such as income. A positive linear association between education and income would be specified on a scatterplot by an upward trend, where higher incomes resemble higher education levels and lower incomes resemble fewer years of education. A negative association would be specified by the opposite effect, where the most highly educated people would have low income as compared with the least educated people. Or, there might not be any prominent association and in this case, a scatterplot would not specify any trends whatsoever.

A Stem and Leaf Plot is a special table where each data value is split into a "stem” representing the first digit or digits of a number from a data set and a "leaf" representing the last digit. The "stem" values are noted down, and the "leaf" values generally go to the right side of the stem values. It is useful for displaying the shape of the data, giving the viewer a quick idea of the underlying distribution and the good thing is it retains the raw numerical data.