Question

What is the main difference between Technological innovation system and National innovation system ?

Answer 1

The framework of technological innovation is a term developed within the scientific field of innovation studies that describes the existence and pace of technological change. A Technological Innovation System can be defined as' a complex network of agents involved in the creation, dissemination and use of technology in a specific economic / industrial area within a specific institutional infrastructure. The approach can be applied to at least three levels of analysis: a technology in the sense of a field of knowledge, a product or an artifact, or a set of related products and artifacts to fulfill a specific (societal) function. In particular, with regard to the latter, the approach has proved itself in explaining why and how sustainable (energy) technologies have or have failed to develop and spread into a society.

The National Innovation System (also NIS, National Innovation System) is the flow of technology and information among individuals, businesses and institutions that is essential to the national innovation cycle. Innovation and technology growth are the outcomes of a complex set of relationships between actors in the system, which involves businesses, universities and government research institutes, according to the theory of innovation systems.

The innovative performance of a country depends largely on how these actors relate to each other as elements of a collective knowledge-building and use system as well as the technologies they use. Public research institutes, academia and industry, for example, serve as research producers carrying out research and development activities. On the other hand, both central and regional governments play the role of coordinator among research producers in terms of their policy instruments, visions and future prospects