Question

1.An analysis that includes all subjects who were randomized to the treatment and comparison groups, regardless of whether they received or completed their assigned study protocol

2.What is the primary objective of any case-control or cohort study?

3Which study design is most appropriate to study multiple outcomes from a single exposure?

4.A case-control study is most efficient design for studying the health effects of rare exposures.

5.The ecological fallacy states that associations seen on the group level will not necessarily be present on the individual level.

6.A major advantage of a randomized clinical trial is that it rules out self-selection of patients to the different treatment groups

7.An experimental study was conducted among adults with Type 2 diabetes in order to determine if a new medication was more effective in reducing blood glucose levels than the currently used medication. What type of experimental study is this?

8.Which of the following techniques used in experimental studies can be directly applied in cohort studies (choose all that apply)?

9A study was done to determine whether the amount of money spent on soft drinks was related to mortality from diabetes. The investigators collected data on per capita (average per person) soft drink consumption in ten US states and examined its relationship to mortality rates from diabetes in those ten states. In order to calculate per capita sales they gathered annual data on soft drink sales from commerce records and then divided these figures by the state’s population from the most recent census. The mortality data were gathered from the vital records department in each state. What type of study is this?

10.What sources can be used to identify controls for a case-control study?

11.When is it desirable to use a case-control study (choose all that apply)?

12.What is the purpose of the control group in a case-control study?

Answer 1

#1 An analysis that includes all subjects who were randomized to the treatment and comparison groups, regardless of whether they received or completed their assigned study protocol is Intent-to-treat analysis.

#2 The primary objective of any case-control or cohort study is valid results.

#3 Cohort study design is most appropriate to study multiple outcomes from a single exposure.

#4 False, A case-control study is most efficient design for studying the health effects of rare exposures.

#5 True, the ecological fallacy states that associations seen on the group level will not necessarily be present on the individual level.

#6 True, a major advantage of a randomized clinical trial is that it rules out self-selection of patients to the different treatment groups.

#7 Individual therapeutic is the type of experimental study that is best fit for the scenario.

#8 Blinding technique used in experimental studies can be directly applied in cohort studies.

#9 Ecological Study is the type of experimental study that is best fit for the scenario.

#10 All of the above (General population, hospital/clinic patients, friends and relatives) can be used to identify controls for a case-control study.

#11 It is desirable to use a case-control study When the disease is rare and When little is known about the disease.

#12 The purpose of the control group in a case-control study is to provide information on the exposure distribution in the population that gave rise to the cases.