In: Finance
Discount bond :
The YTM is calculated using the RATE function in Excel with these inputs :
nper = 10 (number of coupon payments = number of years to maturity)
pmt = 1000 * 9% (annual coupon payment. this is entered as a positive number as it is a cash inflow to the bondholder)
pv = -887 (the current price of the bond - this is entered as a positive number as it is a cash inflow to the buyer of the bond)
fv = 1000 (the face value of the bond receivable by the bondholder on maturity. As it is a cash inflow to the bondholder, it is entered as a positive figure)
RATE is calculated to be 10.91%. This is the YTM of the bond
Premium bond :
The YTM is calculated using the RATE function in Excel with these inputs :
nper = 10 (number of coupon payments = number of years to maturity)
pmt = 1000 * 9% (annual coupon payment. this is entered as a positive number as it is a cash inflow to the bondholder)
pv = -1134.20 (the current price of the bond - this is entered as a positive number as it is a cash inflow to the buyer of the bond)
fv = 1000 (the face value of the bond receivable by the bondholder on maturity. As it is a cash inflow to the bondholder, it is entered as a positive figure)
RATE is calculated to be 7.08%. This is the YTM of the bond
If a bond trades at a discount, the YTM > coupon rate , and if a bond trades at a premium, YTM < coupon rate
Total return = interest + capital gain
interest = 1000 * 9% * 10 = $900
capital gain = 1000 - 887 = $113
Total return = 900 + 113 = $1013
current yield = coupon payment / bond price = 90 / 887 = 0.1015, or 10.15%
capital gains yield = capital gains / current price = 113 / 887 = 0.1274 , or 12.74%