Question

1. Some carbohydrates are used for energy storage, while some are used to maintain rigid cell structure.

1. Give one example of an energy storage carbohydrate found in plants.

1. What type of monomers makes up this carbohydrate?

2. Give one example of a structural carbohydrate:

1. What type of monomers makes up this carbohydrate?

2. What type of organism (plant or animal) would make this carbohydrate?

3. Where would you find it within a cell?

2. In class we described Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Carbohydrates as being monomers and polymers. Fill in the chart below. Only use one term per box.

                                               

	Name that applies to all monomers	Name that applies to all polymers	Specific example of one type of polymer	Specific example of one type of monomer
Carbohydrates
Proteins				Tryptophan (an amino acid)
Nucleic Acids		Polynucleotide or Nucleic acid	DNA

3. Match the cell component with the type of biological macromolecule (Proteins, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids, or Lipids)

1. Plasma membranes are made mostly of
2. The cytoskeleton is made of                                              
3. Cell walls are made mostly of                            
4. Channels in the plasma membrane that help with transport of materials in and out of cells are made of …                                  

4. What is the structural difference between a saturated and unsaturated fat? How does that difference affect the property of the fat? (Answer in 1-2 sentences)

5. All enzymes are _____________________________ (name a specific type of macromolecule).

6. Are carbohydrates hydrophilic or hydrophobic? Look at the types of covalent bonds in between atoms of a carbohydrate (are some polar? non-polar?). Explain why those bonds support your answer. (answer in 1-2 sentences)

Answer 1

a. Starch : Energy Storage Carbohydrate

i) - Glucose is the monomer joined by 1-4 linkage.

a. Cellulose : Structural Carbohydrate

i) It is made up by plants.

i) Cellulose is found in cell wall of a plant cell.

	MONOMERS	POLYMERS
CARBOHYDRATES	Monosaccharide	Polysaccharide
PROTEINS	Amino-acid	Polypeptide
NUCLEIC ACIDS	Nucleotide	Polynucleotide

3.

i) Plasma membranes are made mostly of Lipids

ii) The cytoskeleton is made of Proteins

iii) Cell wls are made mostly of Carbohydrates

v) Channels in the plasma membrane that help with transport of materials in and out of the cells are made of Proteins.

• SATURATED AND UNSATURATED FAT.

Saturated fat has no double bond in their fatty acid chain. This maked them solid at room temperature.

Unsaturated fat has one or more double bond in their fatty acid chain. This makes them liquid at room temperature.

• All enzymes are Proteins.

• Carbohydrates are hydrophilic.

There is the presence of several hydroxyl group (-OH) in their structure. These hydroxyl groups tend to attract the electrons on their side, making the carbohydrate a polar molecule. Now, since like dissolves like, therefore, carbohydrates are soluble in water ie, they are hydrophilic.