Question

What are the advantages of protocol layering? Explain any problems with protocol layering. Compare and contrast the meanings of interface and protocol.

Answer 1

There are advantages to employing a layered model to explain network protocols and operations. using a layered model:

1.Assists in protocol style, as a result of protocols that operate at a particular layer have outlined information that they work and a defined interface to the layers on top of and below.
2. Fosters competition because products from completely different vendors will work along.
3. Prevents technology or capability changes in one layer from touching different layers above and below.
4. Provides a typical language to explain networking functions and capabilities.

The main disadvantages of layered systems consist primarily of overhead each in computation and in message headers caused by the abstraction barriers between layers. as a result of a message typically should pass through several (10 or more) protocol layers the overhead of those boundaries is commonly more than the particular computation being done.

One other disadvantage is that the upper level layers cannot see what's within the lower layers, implying that an application cannot correct where in an exceedingly connection a problem is, or precisely what the matter is.

Another disadvantage is that the higher level layers cannot control all aspects of the lower layers, so that they cannot modify the transfer system if helpful (like controlling windowing, header compression, CRC/parity checking, et cetera), nor specify routing, and should rely on the lower protocols operating, and cannot specify alternatives when there's issues.

Network Interface: A network interface will check with any kind of software system interface to networking hardware. for example, if you have got 2 network cards in your pc, you'll control and set up every network interface related to them on an individual basis.
A network interface is also related to a physical device, or it's going to be a representation of a virtual interface. The "loopback" device, that may be a virtual interface to the local machine, is an example of this.

LAN: lan network {LAN,computer network} stands for "local area network". It refers to a network or some of a network that'snot in public accessible to the larger net. A home or workplace network is an example of a LAN.

WAN: WAN stands for "wide area network". It means that a network that's much more extensive than a LAN wheras WAN is a that the relevant term to use to explain big, disprsed netwroks, it's sometimes meant to mean the internet a whole.

Protocol: A protocol is a set of rules and standards that primarily outline a language that devices will use to communicate. There are an excellent range of protocols in use extensively in networking, and that they are usuallyimplemented in numerous layers.
Some low level protocols are TCP, UDP, IP and ICMP. Somw familar samples of application layer protocal, designed on there lower protocols, are HTTP ( for accessing internet content), SSH, TLS/SSL and FTP.