In: Biology
1. How many neutrons are there in oxygen? In hydrogen? In nitrogen?
2. Distinguish between atoms and molecules and among protons, neutrons, and electrons.
3. Compare and contrast covalent bonds and ionic bonds.
4. Explain how polar covalent bonds allow hydrogen bonds to form, and provide an example.
7. Define pH scale, acid, base, and buffer. How do buffers reduce changes in pH when hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions are added to a solution? Why is this phenomenon important in organisms?