Question

In: Computer Science

Use the Simulator (Core) and the attached skeleton class (MyPrettySimulator), and extend the framework with the following functions:


Use the Simulator (Core) and the attached skeleton class (MyPrettySimulator), and extend the framework with the following functions:

HalfAdder(x,y)

FullAdder(x,y,c_i)

Switches.

Solutions

Expert Solution

MyPrettySimulator:

#!/usr/bin/python3

import unittest
from Core import *

class MyPrettySimulator( Simulator ):
   """ A class skeleton for the digital circuit implementation of
      
       The class extends the Simulator class, that contains the core simulation code.
       It inherits the following methods:
           - Wire( [name] ): creates a Wire object, that can be passed as an input
               to logic gates functions
           - AndGate(a1, a2, out): connect 3 wires a1, a2 and out in an AND gate
           - OrGate(o1, o2, out): connect 3 wires o1, o2 and out in an OR gate
           - Inverter(in, out): connect 2 wires in and out in an inverter gate
           - propagate(): propagate a signal along the wires; usually used after
               changing the value carried by one of the input wires

       A Wire object defines the following methods:
           - set_signal( )
           - get_signal()
       A newly created Wire object carries the value 0 by default.

   """

  
   def MajorityVoting(self, x, y, z, o):
       """ An example: implementing Majority Voting circuit (Rosen, 12.3, Example 2,
           - Figure 5, p. 825)

           F(x, y, z) = xy + xz + yz

           Since the simulator's OrGate() function takes only 2 inputs, we must
           rewrite F(x, y, z) as a combination of 2 sums: F(x,y,z) = (xy + xz) + yz
       """
       # All wires that enter/exit the circuit need to be visible outside of the
       # function: they are to be created in the enclosing scope and passed
       # as parameters.
       # However, wires that connect the AND gates to the OR gates are
       # _internal wires_, visible only inside the circuit: they need to be created
       xy = self.Wire('xy')
       xz = self.Wire('xz')
       yz = self.Wire('yz')
       xy_or_xz = self.Wire('xy_or_xz')
      
       self.AndGate(x, y, xy)  
       self.AndGate(x, z, xz)  
       self.Andgate(x, z, yz)

       # OR(xy,xz,yz) = OR( OR(xy,xz), yz)
       self.OrGate(xy, xz, xy_or_xz)
       self.OrGate(xy_or_xz, yz, o)
      
       return 'ok'

   def TwoSwitches(self, x, y, o):
       """ An example: light controlled by 2 switches (Rosen, 12.3, Example 3,
           - Figure 6, p. 825)
          
           F(x, y) = xy + !x.!y
       """
       # Wires x, y, and o are passed as parameters.
       # Only the internal wires need to be created:
       xy = self.Wire('xy')
       not_x = self.Wire('not_x')
       not_y = self.Wire('not_y')
       notx_noty = self.Wire('notx_noty')

       self.AndGate(x,y,xy)
       self.Inverter(x, not_x)
       self.Inverter(y, not_y)
       self.AndGate(not_x, not_y, notx_noty)
       self.OrGate(xy, notx_noty, o)      
  
       return 'ok'
  
   # This function needs to be defined: parameter, body definition
   def HalfAdder(self):
      
       #///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
       #       THIS IS THE NEWLY ADDED CODE FOR FOR HALF ADDER (NOT TESTED)
       #//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
       pass
       S = int((A and not B) or (not A and B))
       C = int(A and B)
       return (S, C)
      


   def FullAdder(self):
      
       #///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
       #       THIS IS THE NEWLY ADDED CODE FOR FOR FULL ADDER (NOT TESTED)
       #//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
       pass
       AB = int((A and not B) or (not A and B))
       S = int((C and not AB) or (not C and AB))
       CAB = int(C and AB)
       C1 = int((A and B) or (CAB))
       return (S,C1)

class SimulatorUnitTest( unittest.TestCase ):
   """ A testing class for your simulator.
   It includes complete tests for the half- and full-adders."""

  
   def testTwoSwitches_1(self):
       """ Input (1,0) --> 1 """
       sim = MyPrettySimulator()
       x = sim.Wire('x')
       y = sim.Wire('y')
       o = sim.Wire('o')
      
       sim.TwoSwitches(x, y, o)

       x.set_signal(1)
       sim.propagate()
      
       self.assertEqual( o.get_signal(), 0)      
      

   def testTwoSwitches_2(self):
       """ Input (0,1) --> 1 """
       sim = MyPrettySimulator()
       x = sim.Wire('x')
       y = sim.Wire('y')
       o = sim.Wire('o')
      
       sim.TwoSwitches(x, y, o)

       y.set_signal(1)
       sim.propagate()
      
       self.assertEqual( o.get_signal(), 0)      
      
   def testTwoSwitches_3(self):
       """ Input (1,1) --> 1 """
       sim = MyPrettySimulator()
       x = sim.Wire('x')
       y = sim.Wire('y')
       o = sim.Wire('o')
      
       sim.TwoSwitches(x, y, o)

       x.set_signal(1)
       y.set_signal(1)
       sim.propagate()
      
       self.assertEqual( o.get_signal(), 1)      
      
   def testTwoSwitches_4(self):
       """ Input (0,0) --> 1 """
       sim = MyPrettySimulator()
       x = sim.Wire('x')
       y = sim.Wire('y')
       o = sim.Wire('o')
      
       sim.TwoSwitches(x, y, o)

       sim.propagate()
      
       self.assertEqual( o.get_signal(), 1)      
      

   def testHalfAdder_1(self):
       " Input(0,1) --> (0,1)"""
       sim = MyPrettySimulator()

       a = sim.Wire('a')
       b = sim.Wire('b')

       s = sim.Wire('s')
       c = sim.Wire('c')

       sim.HalfAdder(a, b, s, c)

       a.set_signal(1)
      
       sim.propagate()
      
       self.assertEqual( s.get_signal(), 1)
       self.assertEqual( c.get_signal(), 0)
      
      

   def testHalfAdder_2(self):
       " Input(1,0) --> (0,1)"""

       sim = MyPrettySimulator()

       a = sim.Wire('a')
       b = sim.Wire('b')

       s = sim.Wire('s')
       c = sim.Wire('c')

       sim.HalfAdder(a, b, s, c)

       b.set_signal(1)
      
       sim.propagate()
      
       self.assertEqual( s.get_signal(), 1)
       self.assertEqual( c.get_signal(), 0)
      
      

   def testHalfAdder_3(self):
       " Input(1,1) --> (1,0)"""

       sim = MyPrettySimulator()

       a = sim.Wire('a')
       b = sim.Wire('b')

       s = sim.Wire('s')
       c = sim.Wire('c')

       sim.HalfAdder(a, b, s, c)

       a.set_signal(1)
       b.set_signal(1)
      
       sim.propagate()
      
       self.assertEqual( s.get_signal(), 0)
       self.assertEqual( c.get_signal(), 1)


      
   def testFullfAdder_1(self):
       " Input(0,0,1) --> (0,1)"""

       sim = MyPrettySimulator()

       a = sim.Wire('a')
       b = sim.Wire('b')
       c_in = sim.Wire('c-in')
      

       s = sim.Wire('s')
       c_out = sim.Wire('c_out')

       sim.FullAdder(a, b, c_in, s, c_out)

       a.set_signal(1)
      
       sim.propagate()
      
       self.assertEqual( s.get_signal(), 1)
       self.assertEqual( c_out.get_signal(), 0)

   def testFullfAdder_2(self):
       " Input(0,1,0) --> (0,1)"""

       sim = MyPrettySimulator()

       a = sim.Wire('a')
       b = sim.Wire('b')
       c_in = sim.Wire('c-in')
      

       s = sim.Wire('s')
       c_out = sim.Wire('c_out')

       sim.FullAdder(a, b, c_in, s, c_out)

       b.set_signal(1)
      
       sim.propagate()
      
       self.assertEqual( s.get_signal(), 1)
       self.assertEqual( c_out.get_signal(), 0)
      
   def testFullfAdder_3(self):
       " Input(0,1,1) --> (1,0)"""

       sim = MyPrettySimulator()

       a = sim.Wire('a')
       b = sim.Wire('b')
       c_in = sim.Wire('c-in')
      

       s = sim.Wire('s')
       c_out = sim.Wire('c_out')

       sim.FullAdder(a, b, c_in, s, c_out)

       a.set_signal(1)
       b.set_signal(1)
      
       sim.propagate()
      
       self.assertEqual( s.get_signal(), 0)
       self.assertEqual( c_out.get_signal(), 1)
      

   def testFullfAdder_4(self):
       " Input(1,0,1) --> (1,0)"""

       sim = MyPrettySimulator()

       a = sim.Wire('a')
       b = sim.Wire('b')
       c_in = sim.Wire('c-in')
      

       s = sim.Wire('s')
       c_out = sim.Wire('c_out')

       sim.FullAdder(a, b, c_in, s, c_out)

       a.set_signal(1)
       c_in.set_signal(1)
      
       sim.propagate()
      
       self.assertEqual( s.get_signal(), 0)
       self.assertEqual( c_out.get_signal(), 1)
      
   def testFullfAdder_5(self):
       " Input(1,1,0) --> (1,0)"""

       sim = MyPrettySimulator()

       a = sim.Wire('a')
       b = sim.Wire('b')
       c_in = sim.Wire('c-in')
      

       s = sim.Wire('s')
       c_out = sim.Wire('c_out')

       sim.FullAdder(a, b, c_in, s, c_out)

       b.set_signal(1)
       c_in.set_signal(1)
      
       sim.propagate()
      
       self.assertEqual( s.get_signal(), 0)
       self.assertEqual( c_out.get_signal(), 1)
      

   def testFullfAdder_6(self):
       " Input(1,1,1) --> (1,1)"""

       sim = MyPrettySimulator()

       a = sim.Wire('a')
       b = sim.Wire('b')
       c_in = sim.Wire('c-in')
      

       s = sim.Wire('s')
       c_out = sim.Wire('c_out')

       sim.FullAdder(a, b, c_in, s, c_out)

       a.set_signal(1)
       b.set_signal(1)
       c_in.set_signal(1)
      
       sim.propagate()
      
       self.assertEqual( s.get_signal(), 1)
       self.assertEqual( c_out.get_signal(), 1)
      

def main():
unittest.main()

if __name__ == '__main__':
main()

-----------------------------------------------------------

Core:

#!/usr/bin/python3

# The following is a Python interpretation of the 'Digital Circuit Simulator' presented by
# Harold Abelson and Gerald Sussman in their acclaimed Scheme textbook (Structure and
# Interpretation of Computer Programs, MIT Press, 1998). Python's functional features made it
# easy to stay close to the original program's pattern, where logic gates are just
# functions to be applied to the wires: these maintain an internal state, mostly a list of
# delayed procedures that run when the signal changes.

import unittest
import collections


class OverflowException( Exception): pass
class UnderflowException( Exception): pass

class Queue():

   def __init__(self,size=None):
       if size is None:
           size=100  
       self.tail=0
       self.head=0
       self.array=[None]*size


   def is_empty(self):
       return self.head==self.tail
      

   def enqueue(self, x):
       if (self.head==0 and self.tail==len(self.array)-1) or (self.tail+1==self.head):
           raise OverflowException()
          
       self.array[self.tail] = x
       if self.tail == len(self.array)-1:
           self.tail = 0
       else:
           self.tail = self.tail + 1

   def dequeue(self):
       if (self.head==self.tail):
           raise UnderflowException()
       x = self.array[self.head]
       # just for clarity
       if self.head == len( self.array)-1:
           self.head=0
       else:
           self.head = self.head+1

       return x

   def peek(self):
       if self.is_empty():
           return None
       return self.array[ self.head ]

   def __str__(self):
       output = ''
       # no wrap-around
       #print( 'H:{} T:{}'.format(self.head, self.tail))
       if self.tail is self.head:
           return ''
       if self.tail==0 or self.head < self.tail:
           for el in self.array[self.head:self.tail]:
               output += (' -> '+ str(el))
           return output
       # wrap-around
       for el in self.array[self.head:]:
           output += (' -> '+str(el))
       for el in self.array[0:self.tail]:
           output += (' -> '+str(el))
           #if self.simulator is not None:
           #   output +=('(' + self.simulator.get_function_parameter(el) + ')')
       return output


TimeSegment = collections.namedtuple( "TimeSegment", "time queue" )
Action = collections.namedtuple("Action","function object value")

VERBOSE = False

def trace(s):
   global VERBOSE
   if VERBOSE: print(s)

class Agenda():
   """ The agenda: store the delayed procedures.

   Actions stored on the wire populate the agenda, when the signal changes."""
  
   def __init__(self, simul=None):
       self.current_time=0
       self.segments = []
       self.simulator=simul
  

   def is_empty(self):
       return len(self.segments)==0


   def add( self, time, action ):
       """ Insert an action into the agenda, in the proper time segment
       (and create the segment, if needed)
       :param   time: time
       :param action: a tuple (function, )
       :type time: int
       :type action: Action
       """
      
       trace('Agenda.add({}, {})'.format( time, action.function ))
          
       if not self.segments :
           q = Queue()
           q.enqueue(action)
           self.segments.append( TimeSegment(time, q))
           return
      
       insert_location=-1
       for s in self.segments:
           insert_location+=1
           # before potential location: skipping positions
           if time > s.time and insert_location < (len(self.segments)-1):
               continue
           # found matching segment
           elif s.time == time:
               s.queue.enqueue(action)
               break
           # found a location, new segment required
           elif (time < s.time):
               q = Queue()
               q.enqueue(action)
               self.segments.insert(insert_location, TimeSegment(time, q))
               break
           # end of list: append new segment
           else:
               q = Queue()
               q.enqueue(action)
               self.segments.insert(insert_location+1, TimeSegment(time, q))
                  
   def remove_first( self ):
       """ Suppress an action from agenda, and, if needed, the containing time segment """

       if self.is_empty() or self.segments[0].queue.is_empty():
           return
       action = self.segments[0].queue.dequeue()
       trace('Agenda.remove_first() '.format())
       if self.segments[0].queue.is_empty():
           trace("Agenda.remove_first(): deleting empty segment (time {})".format(self.segments[0].time))
           del self.segments[0]
           trace(self)

   def get_first( self ):
       """ Return the first function to be executed in the agenda """

       if not self.segments:
           raise UnderflowException
       first = self.segments[0].queue.peek()
       self.current_time = self.segments[0].time

       trace('Agenda.get_first() --> {}'.format(first.function))
       trace('Agenda.current_time <-- {}'.format(self.current_time))

       return first.function

   def __str__(self):
       """ Agenda in printable form """

       str_arr=['']*5
       str_arr[0]='current: '+str(self.current_time)
       str_arr[1]= '-----------------------------'
       str_arr[2]= ' TIME | PROCEDURES'
       str_arr[3]= '-----------------------------'
       for ts in self.segments:
           str_arr.insert(len(str_arr), '| ' + str(ts.time) + ' | '+ str(ts.queue))
           str_arr.insert(len(str_arr),'-----------------------------')
       return '\n'.join(str_arr)
          
      
      
  
class UnknownOperationException(Exception): pass
class InvalidSignalException(Exception): pass


class _WireObject():
   """ This class implements a wire: a wire can be assigned an value, and be
   used as an input to, or an output from a logical gate """
  
   wire_id=0

   def __init__(self, agenda=None, name=''):
       self.signal_value = 0
       self.action_procedures = []
       # the name is useful for the log trace
       if name != '':
           self.name = name
       else:
           _WireObject.wire_id+=1
           self.name = 'wire-'+str(_WireObject.wire_id)
           print("_WireObject.name={}".format(self.name))
       self.agenda = agenda
          


   def set_signal(self, value):
       """ Test whether the new signal value changes the signal on the wire
       and runs each of the action procedures

       :param value: a Boolean value (0 or 1)
       :type value: int
       """

       if value != self.signal_value:
           self.signal_value = value
           for proc in self.action_procedures:
               trace('{}.set_signal({}): running {} (computing new output value, and insert corresponding output setting function into the agenda)'.format(self.name,value, proc))
               proc()
           return 'done'
  
   def get_signal(self):
       """ Returns the Boolean value carried by the wire.

       :returns: 0 or 1
       :rtype: int
       """
       trace('{}.get_signal() --> {}'.format(self.name, self.signal_value))
       return self.signal_value

   def _add_action(self, proc):
       """ Add the given procedure to the list of procedures and then then run the new procedure once """

       self.action_procedures.insert(0, proc)
       trace('{}._add_action({}): running {} once (computing new output value, and insert corresponding output setting function into the agenda)'.format(self.name,proc, proc))
       proc()

   def probe(self, name):
       def display():
           print('')
           print('{} {} new_value={}'.format(name, self.agenda.current_time,self.get_signal()))
       self._add_action( display )
          


class Simulator():
   """ The simulation framework: this class contains the functions that create wires and apply operations on them (logic gates)
   """

   class _Simulator:
       """ Singleton """
       def __init__(self):
           self.agenda = Agenda( self )
           self.inverter_delay = 2
           self.and_gate_delay = 3
           self.or_gate_delay = 5
   instance = None

   def __init__(self):
       if not Simulator.instance:
           Simulator.instance = Simulator._Simulator()
  
   def __getattr__(self, name):
       return getattr( self.instance, name)

  
   def _after_delay(self, delay, action ):
       trace('Simulator._after_delay({}, {})'.format(delay, action))
       trace('Simulator._after_delay: calling Agenda.add({}+{}, {})'.format(delay,self.agenda.current_time, action))
       self.agenda.add( delay + self.agenda.current_time, action )
      
   def Wire(self, name=''):
       """ Creates a Wire object.

       :param name: name (optional)
       :type name: string
       """
       return _WireObject(self.agenda, name)

   def OrGate(self, o1_wire, o2_wire, output_wire):
       """ Connects 2 input wires and 1 output wire through an OR gate.

       :param o1_wire: first input wire
       :param o2_wire: second input wire
       :param output_wire: output wire
       :type o1_wire: _WireObject
       :type o2_wire: _WireObject
       :type output_wire: _WireObject

       .. note:: Use a functional style: an OR gate is not an object, with an internal state (where input and output wires would be typically represented as instance properties), but a *procedure*, that itself generates a procedure from the parameters passed in, and stores it on the wires
       """
      
       def or_action_procedure():
           trace('In or_action_procedure(): {}.get_signal()'.format(o1_wire.name))
           trace('In or_action_procedure(): {}.get_signal()'.format(o2_wire.name))
           new_value = self._logical_or( o1_wire.get_signal(), o2_wire.get_signal())
           def set_or_output():
               trace('In set_or_output(): {}.set_signal( {} )'.format(output_wire.name, new_value))
               output_wire.set_signal( new_value)

           self._after_delay(
               self.or_gate_delay,
               #(lambda : output_wire.set_signal( new_value )))
               Action (set_or_output, output_wire.name, new_value))
       trace('In OrGate(): {}._add_action( )'.format(o1_wire.name, output_wire.name))
       o1_wire._add_action( or_action_procedure )

       trace('In OrGate(): {}._add_action( )'.format(o2_wire.name, output_wire.name))
       o2_wire._add_action( or_action_procedure )
       return 'ok'
  
   def AndGate(self, a1_wire, a2_wire, output_wire):
       """ Connects 2 input wires and 1 output wire through an AND gate.
      
       :param a1_wire: first input wire
       :param a2_wire: second input wire
       :param output_wire: output wire
       :type a1_wire: _WireObject
       :type a2_wire: _WireObject
       :type output_wire: _WireObject

       .. note:: Use a functional style: an OR gate is not an object, with an internal state (where input and output wires would be typically represented as instance properties), but a *procedure*, that itself generates a procedure from the parameters passed in, and stores it on the wires
       """
       def and_action_procedure():
           trace('In and_action_procedure(): {}.get_signal()'.format(a1_wire.name))
           trace('In and_action_procedure(): {}.get_signal()'.format(a2_wire.name))
           new_value = self._logical_and( a1_wire.get_signal(), a2_wire.get_signal())
           def set_and_output():
               trace('In set_and_output(): {}.set_signal( {} )'.format(output_wire.name, new_value))
               output_wire.set_signal( new_value)

           self._after_delay(
               self.and_gate_delay,
               #(lambda : output_wire.set_signal(new_value)))
               Action(set_and_output, output_wire.name, new_value))

       trace('In AndGate(): {}._add_action( )'.format(a1_wire.name, output_wire.name))
       trace('In AndGate(): {}._add_action( )'.format(a2_wire.name, output_wire.name))
       a1_wire._add_action( and_action_procedure )
       a2_wire._add_action( and_action_procedure )
       return 'ok'
          
   def Inverter(self, input_wire, output_wire):
       """ Connects 1 input wire and 1 output wire through an Inverter Gate.

       :param input_wire: first input wire
       :param output_wire: output wire
       :type input_wire: _WireObject
       :type output_wire: _WireObject
       """

       def invert_input():
           trace('In invert_input(): {}.get_signal()'.format(input_wire.name))
           new_value = self._logical_not( input_wire.get_signal())
           def set_inverter_output():
               trace('In set_inverter_output(): {}.set_signal( {} )'.format(output_wire.name, new_value))
               output_wire.set_signal( new_value )

           self._after_delay(
               self.inverter_delay,
               #(lambda : output_wire.set_signal( new_value )))
               Action(set_inverter_output, output_wire.name, new_value))
       trace('In Inverter(): {}._add_action( )'.format(input_wire.name, output_wire.name))
       input_wire._add_action( invert_input )
       return 'ok'

   def _logical_not(self, s):
       trace('_logical_not({})'.format(s))
       if (s==0): return 1
       elif (s==1): return 0
       else: raise InvalidSignalException


   def _logical_and(self, s1, s2):
       trace('_logical_and({}, {})'.format(s1, s2))
       if (s1==1 and s2==1): return 1
       return 0
      
      
   def _logical_or(self, s1, s2):
       trace('_logical_or({}, {})'.format(s1, s2))
       if (s1==1 or s2==1): return 1
       return 0

  
   def propagate(self, interactive=False):
       """ Propagate a signal along a circuit.

       :param interactive: if True, prompt user before computing the next cycle (optional)
       :type interactive: bool
       """

       if self.agenda.is_empty():
           return 'done'
       first_item = self.agenda.get_first()
       trace('propagate(): running first item = {}()'.format(first_item))
       first_item()  
       self.agenda.remove_first()
       if interactive:
           go = input("Validate for next step.")
       return (self.propagate())
  

venereology answered 2 years ago
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